{"id":48780,"date":"2024-05-08T14:43:27","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T12:43:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=48780"},"modified":"2024-05-08T14:43:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T12:43:28","slug":"ockovani-proti-hpv-nema-smysl-odkladat-rika-expertka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=48780","title":{"rendered":"O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV nem\u00e1 smysl odkl\u00e1dat, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 expertka"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00edlem je vym\u00fdcen\u00ed rakoviny nejenom d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla v \u010cesku<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Plat\u00ed to i v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti lidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru neboli HPV. Podle studie se s\u00a0n\u00edm mladistv\u00ed mohou setkat ji\u017e v 11 letech. Vakc\u00edna je v\u0161ak nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud se aplikuje d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e k\u00a0tomuto setk\u00e1n\u00ed dojde. HPV je jednozna\u010dnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vzniku rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla a rizikov\u00fdm faktorem dal\u0161\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je karcinom anu, pochvy, zevn\u00edch rodidel, ale i dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch chorob, jako jsou genit\u00e1ln\u00ed bradavice nebo polypy d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed virovou pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosnou infekc\u00ed, a tak je vhodn\u00e9 d\u011bti o\u010dkovat je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem jejich pohlavn\u00edho \u017eivota. K\u00a0p\u0159enosu vir\u016f v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet i jinou ne\u017e \u010dist\u011b pohlavn\u00ed cestou, a proto experti rad\u00ed s\u00a0o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm neot\u00e1let. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vakc\u00edna je v\u00a0\u010cesku od leto\u0161ka pln\u011b hrazena chlapc\u016fm a d\u00edvk\u00e1m ve v\u011bku 11\u201314 let (do 15. narozenin).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie z\u00a0roku 2012 se v\u011bnovala v\u00fdskytu HPV v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 populaci a zkoumala v\u00fdskyt protil\u00e1tek proti lidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru v\u00a0krevn\u00edm s\u00e9ru, kter\u00e9 signalizuj\u00ed, \u017ee organismus p\u0159i\u0161el do kontaktu s\u00a0infekc\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eMezi jeden\u00e1ct\u00fdm a t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00fdm rokem pak uk\u00e1zala n\u00e1r\u016fst t\u011bchto protil\u00e1tek u d\u00edvek i chlapc\u016f. O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proto doporu\u010duji zah\u00e1jit ji\u017e p\u0159ed 13. narozeninami, nicm\u00e9n\u011b i\u00a0v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku m\u00e1 u sexu\u00e1ln\u011b aktivn\u00edch lid\u00ed smysl,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. RNDr.\u00a0Ruth Tachezy, Ph.D., virolo\u017eka a vedouc\u00ed katedry genetiky a mikrobiologie na P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakult\u011b Univerzity Karlovy v\u00a0Praze. Je tak\u00e9 spoluautorkou zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 studie, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdsledky jsou dnes vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 data s\u00a0ohledem na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed proo\u010dkovanost n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f ji\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV je podle expert\u016f z\u00a0\u0159ad l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a v\u011bdc\u016f nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob prevence proti rozvoji onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 viry vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Infekce vysoce rizikov\u00fdmi typy HPV je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou prakticky v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla, rizikov\u00fdm faktorem rakoviny \u0159itn\u00edho otvoru, pochvy a zevn\u00edch rodidel. HPV infekce je tak\u00e9 p\u016fvodcem velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch genit\u00e1ln\u00edch bradavic a papilom\u016f j\u00edcnu. Od leto\u0161n\u00edho ledna hrad\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV v\u0161em d\u011btem ve v\u011bku od 11 do 14 let (do 15. narozenin). Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 hranice ze 13. na 11.\u00a0rok odborn\u00edci rozhodn\u011b v\u00edtaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZ na\u0161\u00ed studie vyplynulo, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st populace, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edvek, se setkala s\u00a0HPV je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e zah\u00e1jila plnohodnotn\u00fd pohlavn\u00ed \u017eivot. K\u00a0p\u0159enosu n\u011bkter\u00fdch kmen\u016f HPV tak zjevn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed i p\u0159i aktivit\u00e1ch, jako je mazlen\u00ed neboli tzv. petting. Ten se m\u016f\u017ee odehr\u00e1vat mnohem d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e koit\u00e1ln\u00ed styk, a proto je vhodn\u00e9, aby byli chlapci a d\u00edvky chr\u00e1n\u011bni co nejd\u0159\u00edve,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje doc. Tachezy. Po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pohlavn\u00edho \u017eivota se pak podle n\u00ed papilomavirem velmi rychle promo\u0159uje cel\u00e1 populace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> \u201eOd doby vzniku studie se zm\u011bnilo sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 v\u00edce mladistv\u00fdch dnes za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edve pohlavn\u011b \u017e\u00edt, a t\u00edm se i zvy\u0161uje riziko, \u017ee se d\u0159\u00edve setkaj\u00ed s infekc\u00ed HPV.<\/em> Posun v\u011bkov\u00e9 hranice k mlad\u0161\u00edmu v\u011bku tedy vid\u00edm jako zcela od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00fd. Mimo to o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch jedinc\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. Tachezy. Ochrana pomoc\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je podle n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 i proto, \u017ee zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed populace, jako je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch partner\u016f \u010di aktivn\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko n\u00e1kazy HPV a perzistence viru, kter\u00e1 vede k projev\u016fm HPV vyvolan\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 hranice budou m\u00edt l\u00e9ka\u0159i tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor pro komunikaci s rodi\u010di a osv\u011btu, co\u017e jim v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnadn\u00ed pl\u00e1novan\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1ctilet\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. \u201eI kdy\u017e jsme rodi\u010de o mo\u017enosti bezplatn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV informovali s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159edstihem, \u010dasto se st\u00e1valo, \u017ee si na n\u011bj vzpomn\u011bli a\u017e po 14. narozenin\u00e1ch sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Na \u00fahradu ji\u017e v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedos\u00e1hli. To se te\u010f zm\u011bnilo a je rozhodn\u011b pozitivn\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1me k dispozici del\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 bezplatn\u011b o\u010dkovat. A plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edv, t\u00edm l\u00edp,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje MUDr. Hana Cabrnochov\u00e1, MBA, praktick\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka pro d\u011bti a dorost a m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 vakcinologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z dat \u00dastavu zdravotnick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a statistiky \u010cR, proo\u010dkovanost d\u011btsk\u00e9 populace proti HPV infekci se v \u010cesku pohybuje kolem 55 %. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina d\u011bt\u00ed tak nen\u00ed p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota, kdy v\u011bt\u0161inou doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159enosu infekce, chr\u00e1n\u011bna. Snahou l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a v\u011bdc\u016f je postupn\u011b choroby zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 HPV vym\u00fdtit, a to i v \u010cesku. Inspirac\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt seversk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Austr\u00e1lie, kde se d\u00edky kombinaci vakcinace d\u00edvek a chlapc\u016f a HPV DNA testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee karcinom d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla st\u00e1t vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00edlem je vym\u00fdcen\u00ed rakoviny nejenom d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla v \u010cesku \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Plat\u00ed to i v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti lidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru neboli HPV. Podle studie […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48780"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48780\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=48780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=48780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}