Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za je nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mlad\u0161\u00ed lidi. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u00e1r des\u00edtkami let znamenala jej\u00ed diagn\u00f3za v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 omezen\u00ed \u017eivota a nezvratnou invaliditu. V\u011bda v\u0161ak pokro\u010dila neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b kup\u0159edu, tak\u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed medic\u00edna dok\u00e1\u017ee postup nemoci v\u00fdrazn\u011b zpomalit. Je k tomu v\u0161ak pot\u0159eba v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za. Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Charcotova tri\u00e1da<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za je chronick\u00e9 autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postihuj\u00edc\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, tedy m\u00edchu, mozek a obaly zrakov\u00e9ho nervu. Ob\u00e1van\u00e1 nemoc zp\u016fsobuje postupn\u00e9 ochabov\u00e1n\u00ed svalstva. I kdy\u017e st\u00e1le nen\u00ed l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal nemoc vyl\u00e9\u010dit, existuje l\u00e9\u010dba, kter\u00e1 ji um\u00ed zpomalit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eZa\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 typicky mezi dvac\u00e1t\u00fdm a \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdm rokem \u017eivota. Jde o relativn\u011b \u010dastou chorobu, kter\u00e1 podle odhad\u016f postihuje asi 2,8 milionu lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed web eReska, kter\u00fd poskytuje informace o roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3ze. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou trp\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. \u010cast\u011bji postihuje \u017eeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zu poprv\u00e9 popsal francouzsk\u00fd neurolog Jean-Martin Charcot roku 1848. \u201ePe\u010dliv\u011b zkoumal mladou \u017eenu s t\u0159esem, jak\u00fd nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nevid\u011bl. V\u0161iml si jej\u00edch dal\u0161\u00edch neurologick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b nez\u0159eteln\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di a abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch pohyb\u016f o\u010d\u00ed, a porovnal je s jin\u00fdmi pacienty, kter\u00e9 vid\u011bl,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e neurolog Loren A. Rolak pro National Library of Medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy\u017e zem\u0159ela, prozkoumal Charcot jej\u00ed mozek a na\u0161el jizvy charakteristick\u00e9 pro roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zu. T\u0159i nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed indik\u00e1tory roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy, tedy t\u0159es, skandovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d a kmitav\u00fd pohyb o\u010d\u00ed jsou i dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Charcotova tri\u00e1da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tehdej\u0161\u00ed medic\u00edna v\u0161ak m\u011bla jen miziv\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, jak nemoc l\u00e9\u010dit. Pou\u017e\u00edvala se elektrol\u00e9\u010dba, vodol\u00e9\u010dba, arzen, strychnin \u010di zlato, ale tak\u00e9 rtu\u0165 a injekce s p\u016fvodci mal\u00e1rie. Metody v\u0161ak byly bu\u010f ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 nebo dokonce \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u017e po v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00ed v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za je autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. \u201eTo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 bu\u0148ky imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu se vymykaj\u00ed kontrole a ni\u010d\u00ed nervovou tk\u00e1\u0148 vlastn\u00edho t\u011bla,\u201c vysv\u011btluje eReska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za v\u0161ak st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1vala nel\u00e9\u010ditelnou chorobou. Teprve po 140 letech od prvn\u00edho pops\u00e1n\u00ed nemoci v\u011bdci prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee se roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za d\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dit. V roce 1993 byla schv\u00e1lena prvn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 terapie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi rizikov\u00e9 faktory t\u00e9to nemoci pat\u0159\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed a obezita. Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina vitaminu D, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f by proto mohla p\u016fsobit na rozvoj roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00edznaky roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00edznaky roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed velmi r\u016fznorod\u00e9 a ze za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bt\u0161inou nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se vlastn\u011b neprojevuje u \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch dvou pacient\u016f stejn\u011b. \u201eNej\u010dast\u011bji se objevuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my se zrakem, hybnost\u00ed, citlivost\u00ed a rovnov\u00e1hou. Mezi projevy roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy v\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed i deprese, probl\u00e9my s my\u0161len\u00edm a pam\u011bt\u00ed, poruchy sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce a sv\u011bra\u010d\u016f nebo \u00fanava,\u201c vysv\u011btluje web eReska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Poruchy zraku. Prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011bt zrakov\u00e9ho nervu. Projevuje se rozmazan\u00fdm vid\u011bn\u00edm jakoby p\u0159es igelit, v\u00fdpadkem \u010d\u00e1sti zorn\u00e9ho pole \u010di poruchou barevn\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed. \u201eD\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt doprov\u00e1zen bolest\u00ed za okem a tak\u00e9 p\u0159i pohledu nahoru a do stran. Tyto pot\u00ed\u017ee mohou vzniknout n\u00e1hle nebo se rozv\u00edjet del\u0161\u00ed dobu,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed eReska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokles aktivity. Dlouhodob\u00e1 nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e1 \u00fanava a slabost se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed v prvn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. \u00danava limituje pacienty v pr\u00e1ci, p\u0159i studiu i p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch denn\u00edch \u010dinnostech. \u010casto se objevuje n\u00e1hle a trv\u00e1 t\u00fddny, ne\u017e dojde ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed. Postihuje a\u017e 80 procent lid\u00ed s roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zm\u011bny citlivosti. Dal\u0161\u00edm sign\u00e1lem, \u017ee n\u011bco nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku, jsou poruchy citlivosti. Ty se mohou p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit jako brn\u011bn\u00ed nebo ztr\u00e1ta citlivosti v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti t\u011bla. Nej\u010dast\u011bji b\u00fdv\u00e1 posti\u017een obli\u010dej, d\u00e1le pak ruce, nohy a prsty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bolest a svalov\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de. Dlouhodob\u00e1 bolest a mimovoln\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de sval\u016f jsou dal\u0161\u00edmi ukazateli roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy. Posti\u017een\u00ed mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 pocit ztuhl\u00fdch sval\u016f a kloub\u016f. Nejv\u00edce b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zasa\u017eeny doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pot\u00ed\u017ee s rovnov\u00e1hou. Z\u00e1vrat\u011b a probl\u00e9my s koordinac\u00ed pohyb\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed mezi dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy. Pacienti se mohou c\u00edtit mal\u00e1tn\u00ed a m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee se sv\u011bt okolo nich to\u010d\u00ed. Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky se objevuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i vst\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Urologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed dysfunkce. Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za se nevyh\u00fdb\u00e1 ani nerv\u016fm, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na starost kontrolu mo\u010den\u00ed, vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed stolice a sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce. \u201ePoruchy s mo\u010den\u00edm se mohou projevovat jako \u010dast\u00e9 \u010di siln\u00e9 nutk\u00e1n\u00ed na mo\u010den\u00ed nebo jako neschopnost mo\u010d udr\u017eet. M\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 jsou pot\u00ed\u017ee jako z\u00e1cpa, pr\u016fjem a ztr\u00e1ta kontroly vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed stolice. Pacienti mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed dysfunkce a poruchy vzru\u0161ivosti,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed eReska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nepozornost a n\u00e1ladovost. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad poruchy pam\u011bti, neschopnost udr\u017eet pozornost, pot\u00ed\u017ee s \u0159e\u010d\u00ed, zhor\u0161en\u00e1 orientace a poruchy soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 s roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou tak\u00e9 \u010dasto trp\u00ed depresemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00ed\u0165 speci\u00e1ln\u00edch center<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eP\u0159\u00edznaky maj\u00ed \u010dasto mnoho jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, tak\u017ee nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nutn\u011b zn\u00e1mkou roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy. Informujte praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 poci\u0165ujete,\u201c rad\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd web NHS. Praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee poslat k neurologovi na vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uk\u00e1\u017ee, zda nemoc\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b trp\u00edte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eP\u0159i podez\u0159en\u00ed nebo pro potvrzen\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou je pacient odesl\u00e1n do neurologick\u00e9ho centra pro l\u00e9\u010dbu demyeliniza\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v \u010cR obvykle ozna\u010den\u00fdch jako RS nebo MS centrum,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e eReS t\u00fdm \u010cR, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality \u017eivota nemocn\u00fdch s roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dne\u0161n\u00ed medic\u00edna u\u017e um\u00ed pacient\u016fm pomoci. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 15 neurologick\u00fdch center se specializac\u00ed na roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zu, kde se odborn\u00edci staraj\u00ed a\u017e o 20 tis\u00edc pacient\u016f s t\u00edmto onemocn\u011bn\u00edm. Podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nov\u011b diagnostikovan\u00fdm pacient\u016fm pod\u00e1na l\u00e9\u010dba nejpozd\u011bji do \u010dty\u0159 t\u00fddn\u016f od jej\u00ed indikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nejstar\u0161\u00edm zaznamenan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy je z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad svat\u00e9 Lidv\u00edny, kter\u00e1 \u017eila v Schiedamu v Holandsku. Ve sv\u00e9 knize Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za: Historie nemoci se o n\u00ed zmi\u0148uje kanadsk\u00fd profesor humanitn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u011bd Thomas Jock Murray. V roce 1395, kdy m\u011bla asi 16 let, se u d\u00edvky projevily p\u0159\u00edznaky choroby a brzy na to upadla p\u0159i bruslen\u00ed na zamrzl\u00e9m kan\u00e1lu. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed symptomy zahrnovaly slepotu na jedno oko, ochrnut\u00ed, slabost a bolest. Lidv\u00edna zem\u0159ela v roce 1433. Byla svato\u0159e\u010dena a je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za patronku krasobruslen\u00ed i nemoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ivana Vitovsk\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010ceskobud\u011bjovick\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/ceskobudejovicky.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za je nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mlad\u0161\u00ed lidi. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u00e1r des\u00edtkami let znamenala jej\u00ed diagn\u00f3za v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 omezen\u00ed \u017eivota a nezvratnou invaliditu. V\u011bda […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49044\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}