Ne nadarmo se j\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna sportu. A jinak tomu nen\u00ed ani ve sv\u011bt\u011b sportovc\u016f s handicapem. Pro \u010desk\u00fd parasport to plat\u00ed n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b. V\u017edy\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b paraatletika pat\u0159\u00ed ke sport\u016fm, v nich\u017e m\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nejv\u00edce \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 motto paralympijsk\u00e9 kampan\u011b \u2013 stejn\u00ed, ale jin\u00ed. A p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00e1 je i paraatletika. Poj\u010fme si nyn\u00ed nejen p\u0159edstavit n\u011bkter\u00e1 jej\u00ed specifika, ale pod\u00edvat se i trochu do historie a p\u0159ipomenout si velk\u00e9 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 a \u010desk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nejen v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, kde atleti s handicapem pom\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 s\u00edly nap\u0159\u00edklad v nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 s\u00e9rii z\u00e1vod\u016f, ale i celosv\u011btov\u011b je atletika handicapovan\u00fdch, neboli paraatletika jedn\u00edm z nepopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sport\u016f. V\u017edy\u0165 ve sv\u011bt\u011b se j\u00ed v\u011bnuj\u00ed sportovci z v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 zem\u00ed sv\u011bta, m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 i kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed mistrovstv\u00ed a i ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e9rii sv\u011btov\u00fdch Grand Prix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159itom historie tohoto sportu nen\u00ed zase tak dlouh\u00e1. Prvn\u00ed z\u00e1vody se konaly v roce 1948 v anglick\u00e9m Stoke Mandeville a byly ur\u010deny pro veter\u00e1ny z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. O dvan\u00e1ct let pozd\u011bji se u\u017e paraatletika dostala na program prvn\u00edch paralympijsk\u00fdch her, kter\u00e9 hostil italsk\u00fd \u0158\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tolik p\u00e1r slov k historii, poj\u010fme si ale p\u0159edstavit i sport samotn\u00fd. Kdy\u017e budete sledovat paraatletick\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, na prvn\u00ed pohled si mo\u017en\u00e1 ani nev\u0161imnete, \u017ee je n\u011bco \u201ejinak\u201c. Stejn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed, nezm\u011brn\u00e9 nad\u0161en\u00ed a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u00ednav\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, a\u0165 u\u017e na dr\u00e1ze \u010di na plo\u0161e. Sv\u00e1 specifika ale maj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vzhledem k \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru druh\u016f a stup\u0148\u016f handicapu jsou sportovci roz\u0159azeni \u0161kolen\u00fdmi klasifik\u00e1tory do jednotliv\u00fdch klasifika\u010dn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd. Takov\u00e1 klasifikace prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve dvou rovin\u00e1ch. Sportovec, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eit \u0159adu pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dokument\u016f jako relevantn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch formul\u00e1\u0159\u016f, se nejprve podrob\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed svalov\u00fdch a dal\u0161\u00edch schopnost\u00ed a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee klasifik\u00e1to\u0159i nedok\u00e1\u017eou jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit klasifika\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu pak prob\u00edh\u00e1 druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edmo na sportovi\u0161ti, kde klasifik\u00e1to\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm hodnot\u00ed, jestli rozsah a funk\u010dnost pohybu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dan\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Specialitou je hod ku\u017eelkou<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Paraatletika m\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed na discipl\u00edny na dr\u00e1ze a skoky (d\u00e1lka, v\u00fd\u0161ka, trojskok), ty jsou zna\u010den\u00e9 T-Track, a vrhy a hody v poli (F-Field). Paraatletickou specialitou je ve skupin\u011b vrh\u016f a hod\u016f hod ku\u017eelkou, kter\u00fd je ekvivalentem hodu o\u0161t\u011bpem pro sportovce s n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u00fachopem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i jednotliv\u00e9 discipl\u00edny maj\u00ed sv\u00e1 specifika. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed sportovci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed prot\u00e9zy, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed je ke sv\u00e9 discipl\u00edn\u011b ale nevyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, b\u011b\u017eci na voz\u00edku nemaj\u00ed klasick\u00fd sportovn\u00ed voz\u00edk, ale b\u011b\u017eeck\u00e9 formulky, vrha\u010di v kategorii sportovc\u016f s po\u0161kozen\u00edm m\u00edchy, ale i DMO (d\u011btsk\u00e1 mozkov\u00e1 obrna) pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vrha\u010dsk\u00e9 stolice (v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u00ed\u0159e handicapu). Hmotnost vrha\u010dsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed se tak\u00e9 li\u0161\u00ed podle klasifika\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy. Vrha\u010dsk\u00e9 stolice i n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm z\u00e1vodem kontrolou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K zachov\u00e1n\u00ed fair play v parasportu maj\u00ed slou\u017eit zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 klasifika\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy. Ty jsou v paraatletice d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d je na programu z\u00e1vod\u016f n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t stejn\u00e1 discipl\u00edna, jen s odli\u0161n\u00fdm dvojcifern\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem ve sv\u00e9m popisku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed je podle druh handicapu – t\u011blesn\u00fd, zrakov\u00fd a intelektov\u00fd. Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo zna\u010d\u00ed handicap, druh\u00e9 pak jeho m\u00edru v dan\u00e9 skupin\u011b. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, t\u00edm m\u00e1 dan\u00fd sportovec vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru posti\u017een\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku, svalov\u00e9 s\u00edly \u010di funkce sval\u016f, rozsah pohybu, rozd\u00edlnou d\u00e9lku kon\u010detiny, amputaci doln\u00ed nebo horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny, probl\u00e9my s koordinac\u00ed v d\u016fsledku po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku, nervov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00e9ho vzr\u016fstu atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nap\u0159\u00edklad – T\/F 11-13 jsou sportovci se zrakov\u00fdm handicapem, kdy ti s \u010d\u00edslem 11 maj\u00ed tras\u00e9ry. T\/F 20 jsou sportovci s intelektov\u00fdm handicapem. Ostatn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy jsou pro sportovce s t\u011blesn\u00fdm handicapem, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou klasifikov\u00e1ni do t\u0159\u00edd od \u010d\u00edsla 30 v\u00fd\u0161 a to v\u017edy podle m\u00edry handicapu a discipl\u00edny, kterou provozuj\u00ed, tak, aby ve stejn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b byli sportovci s podobn\u00fdm omezen\u00edm k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho fair play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud r\u016fzn\u00e9 handicapy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed, jsou sportovci za\u0159azen\u00ed do stejn\u00e9 klasifika\u010dn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy (nen\u00ed tedy pravidlo, \u017ee v jedn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b jsou jen sportovci se stejn\u00fdm typem posti\u017een\u00ed). Nap\u0159\u00edklad v z\u00e1vod\u011b formulek je v jedn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b sportovec paraplegik a sportovec s amputac\u00ed doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Velk\u00e9 paraatletick\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010ceskosloven\u0161t\u00ed a posl\u00e9ze \u010de\u0161t\u00ed sportovci dos\u00e1hli v paraateltice mnoha v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. V\u0161echno za\u010dala v roce 1972 bronzov\u00e1 koula\u0159ka Dana V\u00e9leov\u00e1-Chmelov\u00e1. Na dal\u0161\u00ed paralympijsk\u00fd cenn\u00fd kov se sice \u010dekalo dvacet let, ale st\u00e1lo to za to. V Barcelon\u011b cinklo jeden\u00e1ct medail\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch let pat\u0159ili p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed vrha\u010d i sportovec Roman Musil, kter\u00fd si podmanil paralympijsk\u00e9 hry v Sydney v roce 2000, kde vybojoval t\u0159i zlat\u00e9 medaile, k nim\u017e p\u0159ipojil st\u0159\u00edbro a bronz. A pozor, z\u00e1\u0159il nejen v atletice, ale i v cyklistice. Jedno zlato a pr\u00e1v\u011b bronz vyv\u00e1l\u010dil na tricyklu. O \u010dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji za sebou v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch nechal v\u0161echny soupe\u0159e ve vrhu koul\u00ed a paralympijsk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy zavr\u0161il v roce 2008 v Pekingu t\u0159et\u00edm m\u00edstem v hodu diskem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdraznou \u010deskou stopu zanechal ve sv\u011bt\u011b i Martin N\u011bmec. kter\u00fd v prvn\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b tohoto stolet\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t slavil paralympijsk\u00e9 zlato v hodu diskem, k \u010demu\u017e p\u0159idal i koula\u0159sk\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbro a bronz. \u017de je atleticky opravdu v\u0161estrann\u00fd, dok\u00e1zal i druh\u00fdm m\u00edstem v hodu o\u0161t\u011bpem na mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta, kter\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il svou sb\u00edrku \u010dty\u0159 sv\u011btov\u00fdch titul\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed ale i dal\u0161\u00ed jm\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 psala paralympijskou historii \u2013 \u0160tefan Danko, Vojt\u011bch Va\u0161\u00ed\u010dek \u010di Rostislav Pohlmann a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z aktivn\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch paraatlet\u016f o sob\u011b d\u00e1vaj\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni v\u011bd\u011bt Eva Bern\u00e1, Anna Muzikov\u00e1, Anna Luxov\u00e1, Tereza Jakschov\u00e1, Ale\u0161 Kis\u00fd \u010di Franti\u0161ek Serbus. A lze sem vlastn\u011b za\u0159adit i zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9ho Martina N\u011bmce, kter\u00fd se p\u0159ed ned\u00e1vnem odhodlal k n\u00e1vratu na atletick\u00e1 sportovi\u0161t\u011b. B\u00fdval\u00fd sv\u011btov\u00fd rekordman v hodu diskem a ve vrhu koul\u00ed se chce p\u0159edstavit na z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9m m\u00edtinku v Pardubic\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak z\u00e1vody v paraatletice prob\u00edhaj\u00ed? Na p\u0159\u00edkladu vrha\u010d\u016f na voz\u00edku to pro Den\u00edk prozradila Anna Muzikov\u00e1, majitelka st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 a bronzov\u00e9 medaile z mistrovstv\u00ed Evropy v hodu ku\u017eelkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eNa mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni jdeme p\u0159ed z\u00e1vodem do call roomu, kde \u010dek\u00e1me na vstup do sektoru. To je v\u011bt\u0161inou cca 30 minut p\u0159ed startem z\u00e1vodu. V sektoru u\u017e spolu s asistentem nesm\u00edme komunikovat a nesm\u00ed m\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem kou\u010dovat. Bez asistenta se ale p\u0159i z\u00e1vod\u011b v moj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed kategorii neobejdu. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee m\u011b p\u0159ed z\u00e1vodem rozcvi\u010d\u00ed a prot\u00e1hne, mus\u00ed m\u011b p\u0159i z\u00e1vod\u011b p\u0159esunout z voz\u00edku na vrha\u010dskou stolici a p\u0159ipoutat. J\u00e1 m\u00e1m pak \u010das na cvi\u010dn\u00e9 hody. Na p\u0159ipout\u00e1n\u00ed a cvi\u010dn\u00e9 hody m\u00e1m dohromady \u010dty\u0159i minuty. Pak n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed hody z\u00e1vodn\u00ed, t\u011bch je v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161est. Po z\u00e1vod\u011b m\u011b pak odpout\u00e1, posad\u00ed zp\u00e1tky na voz\u00edk a odveze ze s\u00edt\u011b, ze kter\u00e9 h\u00e1z\u00edm. Potom mus\u00edme v sektoru \u010dekat, ne\u017e z\u00e1vod skon\u010d\u00ed,\u201c uvedla a odkryla tak dal\u0161\u00ed typickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost pro paraatletiku, a sice \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch klasifika\u010dn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch maj\u00ed vrha\u010di asistenta, zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch je to zak\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Martin Slab\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Den\u00edk.cz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ne nadarmo se j\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna sportu. A jinak tomu nen\u00ed ani ve sv\u011bt\u011b sportovc\u016f s handicapem. Pro \u010desk\u00fd parasport to plat\u00ed n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b. V\u017edy\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}