{"id":4947,"date":"2013-11-08T12:22:46","date_gmt":"2013-11-08T11:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=4947"},"modified":"2013-12-18T22:35:54","modified_gmt":"2013-12-18T21:35:54","slug":"jak-si-chranit-zuby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=4947","title":{"rendered":"Jak si chr\u00e1nit zuby"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nikdy v minulosti se lid\u00e9 nep\u0159ej\u00eddali tolik jako dnes. Kv\u016fli tomu se bakteri\u00edm v \u00fastn\u00ed dutin\u011b dob\u0159e da\u0159\u00ed. To m\u00e1 vliv na vznik kaz\u016f i z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00e1sn\u00ed nebo parodontitidy. Jak jim p\u0159edch\u00e1zet?<\/strong> <\/p>\n

St\u00e1le stoup\u00e1 spot\u0159eba cukru. Spolu se \u0161patnou zubn\u00ed hygienou to zvy\u0161uje riziko tvorby zubn\u00edch kaz\u016f a naru\u0161uje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed v \u00fastech. Nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k tomu jen proto, \u017ee mls\u00e1me vydatn\u011bji ne\u017e na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9, ale i proto, \u017ee v\u00fdrobci potravin v\u00edce slad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nejde p\u0159itom jen o limon\u00e1dy, kdy nap\u0159. 1,5 litru b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 koka-koly obsahuje tolik sacharid\u016f, kolik jich m\u00e1 28 kostek cukru a p\u0159edstavuje stejnou energetickou n\u00e1lo\u017e jako vydatn\u00fd ob\u011bd. A mno\u017estv\u00ed sacharid\u016f v 1,5 litru fanty se rovn\u00e1 50 kostk\u00e1m cukru, v 1,5 litru toniku se jich skr\u00fdv\u00e1 zhruba 41.<\/p>\n

Jde i o potraviny, do kter\u00fdch by to v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed ne\u0159ekla.\u00a0 To jsou skryt\u00e9 cukry. Jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 potravin\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou neb\u00fdv\u00e1 tak velk\u00e9 jako ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u00edch. Kdy\u017e ho p\u0159ipo\u010dteme k dal\u0161\u00edm sacharid\u016fm zkonzumovan\u00fdm za jeden den, m\u016f\u017ee ho b\u00fdt hodn\u011b. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 m\u00e1me-li r\u00e1di nap\u0159\u00edklad pe\u010divo a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobky z b\u00edl\u00e9 mouky. Nebo si pravideln\u011b dop\u0159\u00e1v\u00e1me m\u00fcsli, kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 lup\u00ednky, t\u011bstoviny, brambory, r\u00fd\u017ei atd.<\/p>\n

Zan\u00edcen\u00e9 d\u00e1sn\u011b maj\u00ed u\u017e teenage\u0159i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cukry a zbytky j\u00eddel slou\u017e\u00ed jako potrava bakteri\u00edm. Ty pak produkuj\u00ed zubn\u00ed povlak. V n\u011bm jsou i bakterie zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bty d\u00e1sn\u00ed a zubn\u00ed kaz, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pravideln\u011b ho odstra\u0148ovat,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 dent\u00e1ln\u00ed hygienistka v Praze Martina Str\u00e1nsk\u00e1. „Hromad\u00ed se hlavn\u011b pod\u00e9l d\u00e1sn\u00ed a v mezizubn\u00edch prostorech. Usazuj\u00ed se v n\u011bm i miner\u00e1ly a ty se \u010dasem p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na zubn\u00ed k\u00e1men. Ten tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke vzniku z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00e1sn\u00ed. Pokud se nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ej\u00edt do hlub\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zubu, tedy do parodontitidy.“<\/p>\n

Postupem \u010dasu se toti\u017e mezi d\u00e1sn\u00ed a zubem vytvo\u0159\u00ed „kapsy“. V nich je vhodn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro mno\u017een\u00ed bakteri\u00ed. Kdy\u017e tyto kapsy dob\u0159e ne\u010dist\u00edme, postupn\u011b se prohlubuj\u00ed, zuby za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed viklat, rozestupovat a nakonec o n\u011b p\u0159ijdeme.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edznakem tohoto procesu b\u00fdv\u00e1 i z\u00e1pach z \u00fast a citliv\u00e9 zuby.<\/p>\n

O jak \u010dast\u00fd probl\u00e9m jde, o tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed statistika. Po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky zan\u00edcen\u00fdch d\u00e1sn\u00ed m\u00e1 u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 95 procent patn\u00e1ctilet\u00fdch. V r\u016fzn\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch form\u00e1ch\u00a0tr\u00e1p\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 procent lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku 30 a\u017e 40 let. S parodont\u00f3zou se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 40 procent dosp\u011bl\u00fdch mezi 40. a\u017e 60. rokem.<\/p>\n

Zubn\u00ed hygiena<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed na tyto probl\u00e9my nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 vody, ale vhodn\u00e9 pom\u016fcky pro dent\u00e1ln\u00ed hygienu a spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 technika \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Nen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e1. P\u0159ilo\u017e\u00edme kart\u00e1\u010dek na rozhran\u00ed zubu a d\u00e1sn\u011b. K t\u00e9 ho pak nato\u010d\u00edme v \u00fahlu 45\u00b0. Pak t\u00e1hneme po plo\u0161e zub\u016f ven. Nej\u010dast\u011bji doporu\u010dovanou technikou \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f jsou mal\u00e9 krou\u017eiv\u00e9 pohyby.<\/p>\n

S v\u00fdb\u011brem u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch pom\u016fcek nejl\u00e9pe porad\u00ed dent\u00e1ln\u00ed hygienistka, kter\u00e1 vid\u00ed v\u00fdsledky va\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. Podle nich upravuje techniku \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a doporu\u010duje vhodn\u00fd kart\u00e1\u010dek. Ten se nedostane p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 do mezizubn\u00edch prostor. Proto jsou pot\u0159eba i dent\u00e1ln\u00ed nit\u011b a mezizubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dky. Hygienistka nau\u010d\u00ed, jak s nimi dob\u0159e \u010distit.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00edme chrup \u010distit podle rad hygienistky, n\u011bkdy to nesta\u010d\u00ed. Sign\u00e1lem, \u017ee v na\u0161ich \u00fastech \u017eije p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho bakteri\u00ed, b\u00fdv\u00e1:<\/p>\n

1. Rychle se tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed plak, kter\u00fd se neda\u0159\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b odstranit<\/p>\n

2. Postupuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt d\u00e1sn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

3. Z\u00e1pach z \u00fast.<\/p>\n

Dent\u00e1ln\u00ed hygienistka porad\u00ed i se zna\u010dkou zubn\u00ed pasty nebo \u00fastn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n

Zubn\u00ed pasty se zv\u00fd\u0161enou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed obvykle \u00e9terick\u00e9 oleje rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v alkoholu (Listerin) nebo chlorhexidin (nap\u0159. Corsodyl, Curasep). „\u00da\u010dinkuj\u00ed proti \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru bakteri\u00ed, vir\u016f i pl\u00edsn\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martina Str\u00e1nsk\u00e1. „Chlorhexidin se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 i do n\u011bkter\u00fdch zubn\u00edch gel\u016f. Podle koncentrace \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b \u010di dlouhodob\u011b.“<\/p>\n

P\u0159i z\u00e1pachu z \u00fast si lze \u010distit tak\u00e9 povrch jazyka pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161krabky. Na jazyku se toti\u017e zachyt\u00ed a \u017eije zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bakteri\u00ed. Mechanick\u00fdm \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00edm jazyka jich lze pom\u011brn\u011b dost odstranit.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkomu mohou pomoci i novinky typu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho (sonick\u00e9ho) kart\u00e1\u010dku, jeho\u017e vl\u00e1kna vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen prost\u00fd vibra\u010dn\u00ed vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed pohyb – kart\u00e1\u010dek vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 proud vody rozkmitan\u00fd vibracemi \u0161t\u011btin. Jin\u00e9mu \u00fastn\u00ed sprcha nebo dal\u0161\u00ed pom\u016fcky. Je dobr\u00e9 konzultovat jejich \u00fa\u010delnost se zubn\u00ed hygienistkou, nebo\u0165 um\u00ed objektivn\u011bji posoudit, jestli maj\u00ed v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b smysl, nebo ne.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b klasick\u00fdch kart\u00e1\u010dl\u016f se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed rota\u010dn\u00ed, oscila\u010dn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dky. Zubn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i si je v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neobl\u00edbili. Ka\u017ed\u00fd zuba\u0159 v\u00ed, \u017ee horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed pohyb vl\u00e1ken kart\u00e1\u010dku je na d\u00e1sn\u011b nevhodn\u00fd a agresivn\u00ed oscila\u010dn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dky po\u0161kozovaly jak d\u00e1sn\u011b tak kr\u010dek zubu, z \u010deho\u017e mohly \u010dasem vznikat bolestiv\u00e9 odhalen\u00e9 kr\u010dky. Proto rota\u010dn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dky nena\u0161ly u stomatolog\u016f podporu a byly doporu\u010dov\u00e1ny jen pro lidi s handicapem nebo se sn\u00ed\u017eenou motorikou<\/strong>. U nich toti\u017e plat\u00ed pravidlo, \u017ee rad\u011bji zuby vy\u010distit takto, ne\u017e podstatn\u011b h\u016f\u0159e klasick\u00fdm kart\u00e1\u010dkem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edch\u00e1zet chronick\u00e9mu z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00e1sn\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 nejen kv\u016fli zub\u016fm. V\u011bdci ji\u017e zjistili, \u017ee neo\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 kazy zvy\u0161uje dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b riziko infarktu, trojn\u00e1sobn\u011b nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 mrtvice a a\u017e sedmin\u00e1sobn\u011b riziko potratu t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een nebo narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte s n\u00edzkou v\u00e1hou.<\/p>\n

U\u017e od d\u011btstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rodi\u010de by m\u011bli sv\u00e9ho potomka p\u0159iv\u00e9st ke stomatologovi nejpozd\u011bji dvan\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od narozen\u00ed. St\u00e1le ale p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 m\u00fdtus, \u017ee d\u011btsk\u00e9 zuby se nespravuj\u00ed, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed zaj\u00edt s d\u00edt\u011btem k zuba\u0159i n\u011bkdy kolem dvou, t\u0159\u00ed let v\u011bku. To u\u017e ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety vznikl projekt zubn\u00edho pr\u016fkazu pro d\u011bti. Ten dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed matky novorozenc\u016f u\u017e v porodnici spolu s o\u010dkovac\u00edm pr\u016fkazem. C\u00edlem je podpora prevence. Rodi\u010d\u016fm slou\u017e\u00ed pr\u016fkaz jako vod\u00edtko, kter\u00e9 jim napov\u00ed, od kdy a jak \u010dasto maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u011bti k zuba\u0159i vz\u00edt.<\/p>\n

P\u00e9\u010de o chrup<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u00fastn\u00ed hygieny jsou \u00fasta, kter\u00e1 jsou zdrav\u00e1 a nejsou c\u00edtit. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zuby jsou \u010dist\u00e9 a neobsahuj\u00ed zbytky potravy, d\u00e1sn\u011b jsou r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9, nebol\u00ed a ani nekrv\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud d\u00e1sn\u011b p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bol\u00ed \u010di krv\u00e1c\u00ed, nebo je dech dlouhodob\u011b c\u00edtit, je n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva zubn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zubn\u00edm kart\u00e1\u010dkem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dek by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nahrazen nov\u00fdm, jakmile se za\u010dne opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vat.\u00a0 Po\u0159\u00eddit nov\u00fd by se m\u011bl tak\u00e9 po nemoci \u010di nachlazen\u00ed. Na \u0161t\u011btin\u00e1ch se toti\u017e usazuj\u00ed mikroorganismy, co\u017e by mohlo zp\u016fsobit n\u00e1vrat nemoci. Zuby bychom si m\u011bli \u010distit zhruba dv\u011b a\u017e t\u0159i minuty. Horn\u00ed zuby p\u0159itom st\u00edrat kart\u00e1\u010dkem seshora dol\u016f, doln\u00ed zdola nahoru. P\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bychom nem\u011bli vynech\u00e1vat d\u00e1sn\u011b a t\u011b\u017eko dostupn\u00e9 zadn\u00ed zuby, oblasti okolo v\u00fdpln\u00ed, korunek.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1pach z \u00fast<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010ctvrtinu populace dlouhodob\u011b tr\u00e1p\u00ed z\u00e1pach z \u00fast a \u010das od \u010dasu postihuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Pokud jde o d\u016fsledek konzumace n\u011bkter\u00fdch potravin, je pomoc snadn\u00e1. Z\u00e1pach ale m\u016f\u017ee signalizovat onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1sn\u00ed, d\u00fdchac\u00edho a za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edho traktu i ledvin a jater nebo cukrovku. Nej\u010dast\u011bji je v\u00fdsledkem \u0161patn\u00e9 \u00fastn\u00ed hygieny.<\/p>\n

Podle zubn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f jsou mikroby hlavn\u00edm zdrojem z\u00e1pachu z \u00fast. Tyto mikroby rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed b\u00edlkoviny. Z nich vznikaj\u00ed aminokyseliny, je\u017e se \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed na t\u011bkav\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad obsahuj\u00ed s\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Barva zub\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b i b\u011blen\u00ed zub\u016f. Zuby toti\u017e nemaj\u00ed specifickou barvu, kter\u00e1 by se dala nazvat barvou zub\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou podbarven\u00e9 do \u017eluta, jin\u00e9 do \u0161eda.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 svoji vrozenou barvu zub\u016f,\u00a0 zuby se b\u011bhem \u017eivota pomalu zabarvuj\u00ed. Maj\u00ed toti\u017e tendenci p\u0159ej\u00edmat barviva z potravy, n\u00e1poj\u016f a tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. K\u00e1va, \u010daj, \u010derven\u00e9 v\u00edno jsou nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zabarvova\u010di zub\u016f. Ale i s\u00f3jov\u00e1 om\u00e1\u010dka. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bji ke zbarven\u00ed zub\u016f p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 kou\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Parodont\u00f3za<\/strong> je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1sn\u00ed a z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu a kost\u011bn\u00e9ho l\u016f\u017eka zubu. V za\u010d\u00e1tku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se projevuje okrajov\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt d\u00e1sn\u00ed, a to jejich zarudnut\u00edm. Po dotyku zubn\u00edm kart\u00e1\u010dkem \u010dasto dojde ke krv\u00e1cen\u00ed. \u010clov\u011bk se pak myln\u011b domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee napaden\u00e1 m\u00edsta mus\u00ed \u010distit m\u00e1lo, aby jim neu\u0161kodil. Paradoxn\u011b polev\u00ed v hygien\u011b a z\u00e1n\u011bt se zhor\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v tomto stupni posti\u017een\u00fd nejde k l\u00e9ka\u0159i, vytvo\u0159\u00ed se u n\u011bj parodontitida<\/strong>. D\u00e1se\u0148 se rozvol\u0148uje a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se parodont\u00e1ln\u00ed chobot. V n\u011bm se hromad\u00ed zbytky j\u00eddla a bakterie. V\u00fdsledkem je z\u00e1n\u011bt a hnis\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1diu dojde k vikl\u00e1n\u00ed zub\u016f. L\u00e9\u010dba je v\u011bt\u0161inou zdlouhav\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje pravidelnou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Budeme-li o sv\u016fj chrup a \u00fastn\u00ed dutinu pe\u010dovat denn\u011b, tzn. \u010distit si \u00fasta po ka\u017ed\u00e9m j\u00eddle nebo alespo\u0148 r\u00e1no a ve\u010der, pak budeme m\u00edt zdrav\u00e9 zuby i zdrav\u00e9 d\u00e1sn\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Nikdy v minulosti se lid\u00e9 nep\u0159ej\u00eddali tolik jako dnes. Kv\u016fli tomu se bakteri\u00edm v \u00fastn\u00ed dutin\u011b dob\u0159e da\u0159\u00ed. To m\u00e1 vliv na vznik kaz\u016f i […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4947"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4947\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}