{"id":49998,"date":"2024-06-19T13:52:41","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T11:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=49998"},"modified":"2024-06-19T13:52:42","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T11:52:42","slug":"jak-vymytit-rakovinu-zpusobenou-viry-hpv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=49998","title":{"rendered":"Jak vym\u00fdtit rakovinu zp\u016fsobenou viry HPV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 papilomaviry (HPV), kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy rakoviny, napadaj\u00ed jak \u017eeny, tak mu\u017ee. Mu\u017ei v\u0161ak o tom, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt nositeli nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vir\u016f, nemus\u00ed v\u016fbec<\/strong><strong> v\u011bd\u011bt. Na rozd\u00edl od \u017een pro n\u011b toti\u017e neexistuj\u00ed testy, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159\u00edtomnost HPV v\u00a0t\u011ble potvrdily. Dozv\u00ed se to tak v\u011bt\u0161inou a\u017e ve chv\u00edli, kdy onemocn\u00ed oni sami nebo jejich partnerka. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>O tom, jak zcela vym\u00fdtit rakovinu zp\u016fsobenou viry HPV, na kterou um\u00edraj\u00ed \u017eeny i mu\u017ei v\u00a0podobn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e, diskutovali odborn\u00edci u kulat\u00e9ho stolu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a><\/a> \u201e<em>Doposud se v souvislosti s HPV mluvilo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o rakovin\u011b d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla. Mu\u017ei tak z\u016fst\u00e1vali stranou pozornosti. P\u0159itom mohou b\u00fdt nejenom p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di HPV infekce, ale mohou tak\u00e9 sami HPV&nbsp;asociovanou rakovinou onemocn\u011bt. Vn\u00edm\u00e1m to jako z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, o kter\u00e9m mus\u00edme hovo\u0159it. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se toti\u017e n\u00e1s v\u0161ech,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje m\u00edstop\u0159edseda V\u00fdboru pro zdravotnictv\u00ed Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny PharmDr. Petr Fifka (ODS), organiz\u00e1tor a moder\u00e1tor kulat\u00e9ho stolu s&nbsp;n\u00e1zvem Rakovin\u011b&nbsp;lze&nbsp;p\u0159edej\u00edt i&nbsp;o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm. HPV&nbsp;se&nbsp;net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen \u017een, ale&nbsp;i&nbsp;mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je podle n\u011bj prevence. Rozvoji nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuje lidsk\u00fd papilomavirus, lze toti\u017e p\u0159edch\u00e1zet o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm. \u201e<em>Je t\u0159eba apelovat na rodi\u010de, aby nechali o\u010dkovat nejenom sv\u00e9 dcery, ale i\u00a0syny. V\u010dasn\u00e1 vakcinace jim poskytne \u00fa\u010dinnou ochranu p\u0159ed rozvojem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje PharmDr. Petr Fifka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u201e<em>Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je rakovinu zp\u016fsobenou HPV v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zcela vym\u00fdtit nebo ji alespo\u0148 dostat na \u00farove\u0148 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. To se poda\u0159ilo nap\u0159. v Austr\u00e1lii v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla. P\u0159edejdeme tak zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm \u00famrt\u00edm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edme n\u00e1klady na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s onkologickou l\u00e9\u010dbou, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le rostou,\u201c <\/em>dod\u00e1v\u00e1 poslanec Petr Fifka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota s\u00a0HPV infekc\u00ed setk\u00e1 a\u017e 80 % \u010desk\u00e9 populace. <em>\u201e<\/em><em>Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se s\u00a0n\u00ed v<\/em><em>\u011bt\u0161inou<\/em><em> vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se z\u00a0infekce m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout rakovina \u010di jin\u00e9 HPV\u00a0podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U \u017een je to nej\u010dast\u011bji\u00a0karcinom d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla, u mu\u017e\u016f dominuj\u00ed n\u00e1dory orofaryngu, tedy <\/em><em>\u00fastn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti hltanu<\/em><em>. Po\u010det t\u011bchto pacient\u016f neust\u00e1le roste,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. MUDr. Milan Vo\u0161mik, Ph.D., \u010dlen v\u00fdboru \u010cesk\u00e9 onkologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 2011 m\u011blo podle onkologa rakovinu orofaryngu 23 % v\u0161ech pacient\u016f s\u00a0n\u00e1dory v\u00a0oblasti ORL, o 5 let pozd\u011bji u\u017e to bylo 27 % a v\u00a0roce 2020 dokonce 30 %. <em>\u201eZ n\u00e1doru jsme schopni zjistit, zda jej zp\u016fsobil vir HPV, a dokonce um\u00edme ur\u010dit p\u0159esn\u011b kmen. HPV stoj\u00ed za karcinomem \u00fastn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti hltanu z\u00a060\u201380 %,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje doc.\u00a0Vo\u0161mik a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou rizikov\u00e9 HPV kmeny 16 a 18. L\u00e9ka\u0159i rozli\u0161uj\u00ed typy HPV s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdm rizikem vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1doru a ty s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm, kter\u00e9 malignity zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e<em>To, \u017ee v\u00edme, zda n\u00e1dor vznikl kv\u016fli HPV nebo z&nbsp;jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v&nbsp;n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b. Pokud je n\u00e1dor HPV pozitivn\u00ed, m\u00e1 pacient v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, ne\u017e kdy\u017e je d\u016fvod vzniku karcinomu jin\u00fd \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad kou\u0159en\u00ed nebo konzumace alkoholu,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje onkolog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Snahou l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, pacientsk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed a politik\u016f je v\u0161ak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, aby \u017eeny a mu\u017ei rakovinou v\u016fbec neonemocn\u011bli a preventivn\u011b se nao\u010dkovali. <em>\u201eP\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny se mi ozval mlad\u00fd, asi t\u0159icetilet\u00fd mu\u017e s&nbsp;t\u00edm, \u017ee mu na\u0161li rakovinu penisu zp\u016fsobenou virem HPV. Kv\u016fli l\u00e9\u010db\u011b bohu\u017eel o penis p\u0159i\u0161el a to mu sebralo chu\u0165 \u017e\u00edt. Takov\u00fdch pacient\u016f bude p\u0159ib\u00fdvat, a proto se chceme v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159it na mu\u017esk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Vyzveme mu\u017ee nejenom k&nbsp;pravideln\u00e9 kontrole varlat, ale i k&nbsp;o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV,\u201c <\/em>dopl\u0148uje Bc. Michaela T\u016fmov\u00e1, m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u011b v\u00fdboru Hlasu onkologick\u00fdch pacient\u016f. Organizace pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jak pacient\u016fm s rakovinou, tak jejich p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny hrad\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV od ledna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku v\u0161em d\u00edvk\u00e1m a chlapc\u016fm ve v\u011bku od 11 do 14 let (do 15. narozenin). Podle MUDr. Hany Cabrnochov\u00e9, m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 vakcinologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, je v\u0161ak v\u00a0\u010cesku proo\u010dkov\u00e1no jen asi 50 % chlapc\u016f a\u00a070 %\u00a0d\u00edvek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <em>\u201ePodle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace by p\u0159itom pro vym\u00fdcen\u00ed HPV asociovan\u00fdch karcinom\u016f bylo t\u0159eba proo\u010dkovat 90 % d\u00edvek a zv\u00fd\u0161it proo\u010dkovanost i u chlapc\u016f. Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem by tedy m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u010dasn\u00e1 vakcinace d\u011bt\u00ed. Vakc\u00edny proti HPV jsou nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud jsou pod\u00e1ny p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e je osoba vystavena viru. Je t\u0159eba siln\u011b apelovat na rodi\u010de a vysv\u011btlit jim, pro\u010d by m\u011bli nechat o\u010dkovat nejen dcery, ale i syny \u2013 p\u0159ed nemoc\u00ed ochr\u00e1n\u00ed nejen je, ale tak\u00e9 jejich budouc\u00ed partnerky. Na prevenci je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t i pot\u00e9, co \u201ad\u011bti\u2018 p\u0159ejdou do p\u00e9\u010de praktik\u016f pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9,\u201c <\/em>upozor\u0148uje MUDr. Cabrnochov\u00e1. Odborn\u00edci budou podle l\u00e9ka\u0159ky usilovat o to, aby zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny propl\u00e1cely o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV i\u00a0d\u011btem star\u0161\u00edm 14 let a tak\u00e9 mlad\u00fdm dosp\u011bl\u00fdm, kter\u00fdm v\u00a0d\u011btstv\u00ed tato \u0161ance z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din unikla a\u00a0pro kter\u00e9 je p\u0159itom o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1le \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Investice do o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed se toti\u017e podle expert\u016f bohat\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00ed v&nbsp;\u00faspor\u00e1ch za p\u00e9\u010di o onkologicky nemocn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e<em>V\u00fdsledky na\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 m\u00edra proo\u010dkovanosti proti viru HPV p\u0159inese v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednoho ro\u010dn\u00edku d\u011bt\u00ed z\u00a0hrazen\u00e9 kohorty 11\u201314 let dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00faspory ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,2 miliardy korun, kter\u00e9 by jinak byly vynalo\u017eeny na l\u00e9\u010dbu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch t\u00edmto virem. Krom\u011b toho st\u00e1t nep\u0159ijde o dal\u0161\u00edch 36,5 milionu korun z\u00a0budouc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f v\u00a0d\u016fsledku p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed na rakovinu. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed proo\u010dkovanosti populace, nap\u0159\u00edklad doo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010d\u00e1sti star\u0161\u00edch adolescent\u016f a\u00a0mlad\u00fdch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, by jednozna\u010dn\u011b prohloubilo zna\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9, ale i zdravotn\u00ed benefity vakcina\u010dn\u00edho programu proti lidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. Ale\u0161 Tichop\u00e1d, vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu CzechHTA Fakulty biomedic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed \u010cVUT v\u00a0Praze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak odborn\u00edci na kulat\u00e9m stole d\u00e1le zm\u00ednili, z\u00a0dat z\u00a0klinick\u00fdch hodnocen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch anal\u00fdz vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 st\u00e1le smysl o\u010dkovat tak\u00e9 dosp\u011bl\u00e9 mu\u017ee a \u017eeny. Tedy ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se ji\u017e s\u00a0HPV infekc\u00ed setkali. O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed toti\u017e poskytuje ochranu proti \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu spektru rizikov\u00fdch typ\u016f HPV a k\u00a0n\u00e1kaze m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota opakovan\u011b, r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy viru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <em>\u201ePrakti\u010dt\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i jsou p\u0159ipraveni o\u010dkovat \u201ana poji\u0161\u0165ovnu\u2018 registrovan\u00e9 pacienty do 15. roku \u017eivota, kter\u00fdm vakc\u00ednu hrad\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. R\u00e1di bychom o\u010dkovali i star\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti a mlad\u00e9 dosp\u011bl\u00e9, na ty se ale \u00fahrada poji\u0161\u0165oven nevztahuje. Jsme tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipraveni o\u010dkovat star\u0161\u00ed samopl\u00e1tce a seznamovat je s riziky HPV infekc\u00ed v r\u00e1mci preventivn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek,\u201c <\/em>dod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edseda Sdru\u017een\u00ed praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f MUDr. Petr \u0160onka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HPV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HPV je zkratka pro lidsk\u00fd papilomavirus. Je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sexu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdch infekc\u00ed a t\u00fdk\u00e1 se jak \u017een, tak mu\u017e\u016f. \u0160\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se i p\u0159i or\u00e1ln\u00edm sexu, mazlen\u00ed nebo p\u0159es kontaminovan\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty (ru\u010dn\u00edky). HPV&nbsp;infekce&nbsp;zp\u016fsobuje a\u017e 98 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla a 90 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f genit\u00e1ln\u00edch bradavic. Pod\u00edl HPV&nbsp;infekce na karcinomech dutiny \u00fastn\u00ed a orofaryngu se celosv\u011btov\u011b r\u016fzn\u00ed, u&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f dosahuje a\u017e 80 %. V\u00fdskyt tohoto typu karcinomu stoup\u00e1, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u mu\u017e\u016f \u2013 t\u00fdk\u00e1 se jich v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i z&nbsp;deseti nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch HPV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Infekci nelze vyl\u00e9\u010dit, lze pouze utlumit jej\u00ed projevy, resp. onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyvolala. O pacienty se tak staraj\u00ed gynekologov\u00e9, onkologov\u00e9, dermatovenerologov\u00e9, l\u00e9ka\u0159i ORL, urologov\u00e9 a proktologov\u00e9. Jedinou prevenc\u00ed je o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, u \u017een se p\u0159i gynekologick\u00fdch prohl\u00eddk\u00e1ch je\u0161t\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed v&nbsp;pravideln\u00fdch intervalech screening karcinomu d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla, resp. test na detekci DNA HPV.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 papilomaviry (HPV), kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy rakoviny, napadaj\u00ed jak \u017eeny, tak mu\u017ee. Mu\u017ei v\u0161ak o tom, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt nositeli nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vir\u016f, nemus\u00ed <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=49998\" title=\"Jak vym\u00fdtit rakovinu zp\u016fsobenou viry HPV\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24987,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49998"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49998\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}