\u010cRo<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mal\u00e1rii po sv\u011bt\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili p\u0159ed stovkami let Evropan\u00e9 kolonizuj\u00edc\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriku, obchodn\u00edci i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci. I to jsou z\u00e1v\u011bry rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, na kter\u00e9m se pod\u00edleli v\u011bdci z Filozofick\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, zjistili tak, \u017ee mal\u00e1rie existovala je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 prameny. Studie vy\u0161la ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Nature, v\u00edc si o n\u00ed te\u010f pov\u00edme s archeologem Ladislavem Stan\u010dem z \u00dastavu pro klasickou archeologii Filozofick\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, dobr\u00fd den.
Studie popisuje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00e1rie v patn\u00e1ct\u00e9m a\u017e devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, jak jste do t\u00e9 studie p\u0159isp\u011bli vy, archeologov\u00e9 z \u010ceska.
mluv\u010d\u00ed 9,
——————–
Tak ta studie na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed popisuje to \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b mnohem d\u0159\u00edve, u\u017e n\u011bkdy od \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem, tak\u017ee to patn\u00e1ct\u00e9, devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9 plat\u00ed vlastn\u011b pro ta na\u0161e pozdn\u00ed data. My jsme k tomu p\u0159isp\u011bli tak, \u017ee jsme podnikli archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii v r\u00e1mci cyklu na\u0161ich v\u00fdzkum\u016f, kter\u00e9 tam dlouhodob\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00edme na lokalit\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00e9 ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Mal\u00fd t\u00fdm Ladislava Ma\u0161ka tam odkr\u00fdval nejen s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159ilehl\u00e9ho poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b a byly tam za \u00fa\u010dasti na\u0161\u00ed novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9, kolegyn\u011b odkryty kostern\u00ed ostatky pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto pozdn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, \u0159ekn\u011bme, n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9, sedmn\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed a d\u00edky pe\u010dliv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci na\u0161\u00ed antropolo\u017eky se poda\u0159ilo dolo\u017eit, \u017ee obsahuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 stopy pr\u00e1v\u011b mal\u00e1rie. A my jsme se rozhodli napsat n\u011bjakou malou studii k tomu, nakonec jsme byli p\u0159izv\u00e1ni k t\u00e9to rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a celkem z\u00e1sadn\u00ed studii v Nature.
moder\u00e1torka
——————–
Studie analyzuje 36 nalezen\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f, z toho dva pr\u00e1v\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z toho va\u0161eho ter\u00e9nn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, z Uzbekist\u00e1nu, jak odli\u0161n\u00e9 vzorky byly pro v\u00fdzkum pot\u0159eba.
mluv\u010d\u00ed 9,
——————–
Tak pro takov\u00fdto v\u00fdzkum je vlastn\u011b zapot\u0159eb\u00ed hlavn\u011b co nejv\u00edce t\u011bch vzork\u016f, co nejv\u00edce dat, aby to dalo n\u011bjak\u00fd obraz, kter\u00fd posune ten v\u00fdzkum d\u00e1l a v tomhle p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se vedouc\u00ed toho v\u00fdzkumu a hlavn\u011b auto\u0159i toho \u010dl\u00e1nku sna\u017eili sebrat co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed data z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta tak, aby se uk\u00e1zalo i v dlouh\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 perspektiv\u011b a na tom, v tom celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, jak se Mal\u00e1rie \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila, ono to je komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee to nen\u00ed jako jeden prvok, jeden ten parazit jejich v\u00edce. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tahle studie ukazuje, \u017ee jak u\u017e bylo zm\u011bnu v \u00favodu, mimo jin\u00e9 a koloniza\u010dn\u00ed aktivity Evropan\u016f p\u0159inesly jeden z t\u011bch rod\u016f t\u011bchto prvok\u016f do Nov\u00e9ho Sv\u011bta, druh\u00fd typ tady t\u011bch prvok\u016f tam potom zase p\u0159inesl obchod s otroky atd. A v t\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti E Euroasijsk\u00e9 zase se ukazuje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kde se ta Malarie historicky objevovala, tak jsou z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu vlastn\u011b malaricky \u00fapln\u011b \u010dist\u00e1. A musel se tam ten patogen dost\u00e1vat bu\u010f v jin\u00fdch podnebn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, anebo t\u0159eba obchodem atd. jako t\u0159eba vysoko nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky p\u0159es 2000 m a such\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je to u n\u00e1s, tak jsou velmi neobvykl\u00e9 v tomto kontextu.
\u0160\u00e1rka Fenykov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka
——————–
Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se mal\u00e1rie \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila p\u0159ed stovkami let, m\u016f\u017eeme t\u00edm t\u0159eba p\u0159edpov\u00eddat, jak se mal\u00e1rie \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed dnes.
mluv\u010d\u00ed 9,
——————–
Ono to do n\u011bjak\u00e9 m\u00edry m\u016f\u017ee pom\u00e1hat, hlavn\u011b kdy\u017e to potom spoj\u00edme s t\u011bmi daty, kter\u00e1 ukazuj\u00ed zm\u011bny podneb\u00ed a klimatu, atd. ale dne\u0161n\u00edch dat k mal\u00e1rii t\u011bch modern\u00edch je asi dostatek na to, aby tu dynamiku bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat, to jsou asi ty nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy. Tahle studie m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v dal\u0161\u00edm studiu t\u00e9 historick\u00e9 geneze mal\u00e1rie, toho vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bch r\u016fzn\u00fdch gen\u016f, t\u011bch r\u016fzn\u00fdch rod\u016f, tak\u00e9 dopady, kter\u00e9 mal\u00e1rie p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, ale i jin\u00e9 nemoci mohly m\u00edt na ty historick\u00e9 populace, nap\u0159\u00edklad i tu antickou ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, kde se budou do budoucna badatel\u00e9 sna\u017eit zam\u011b\u0159it na to srovn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dat, tedy archeologicky z\u00edskan\u00fdch s p\u00edsemn\u00fdmi prameny o tom, jestli n\u00e1hodou mal\u00e1rie nemohla p\u0159isp\u011bt k \u00fapadku t\u011bch velk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed na konci antiky.
moder\u00e1torka
——————–
Budete s t\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm t\u00fdmem d\u00e1l spolupracovat na v\u00fdzkumu toho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, mal\u00e1rie.
mluv\u010d\u00ed 9,
——————–
Tady to je naprosto fantastick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro n\u00e1s, proto\u017ee tady to je t\u00fdm z Institutu Maxe Plancka, evolu\u010dn\u00ed antropologie v Lipsku a m\u00e1me s nimi domluven dal\u0161\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd zkou\u0161\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt, kter\u00fd by se v\u011bnovali je\u0161t\u011b star\u0161\u00edm horizont\u016fm n\u011bkde p\u0159elomu letopo\u010dtu v t\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed Asii a op\u011bt bychom zkoumali s pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f a zdrav\u00ed t\u011bch populac\u00ed, genetiku, migrace atd. dokonce i stravu, tak\u017ee douf\u00e1me, \u017ee tento projekt zapo\u010dne u\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok.
\u0160\u00e1rka Fenykov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka
——————–
A pl\u00e1nujete pokra\u010dovat tak\u00e9 v tom archeologick\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu v Uzbekist\u00e1nu.
mluv\u010d\u00ed 9,
——————–
Ano, pr\u00e1v\u011b, pr\u00e1v\u011b toho se to t\u00fdk\u00e1, my tam jednotliv\u00e9 projekty a \u0159e\u0161\u00edme u\u017e 20 let a i letos tam bude, budou dv\u011b nebo t\u0159i expedice prob\u00edhat, tak\u017ee ano, pokra\u010dujeme, budeme pokra\u010dovat d\u00e1l.
moder\u00e1torka
——————–
O rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed studi\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00e1rie v minul\u00fdch stolet\u00edch jsme mluvili s Ladislavem Stan\u010dem z \u00dastavu pro klasickou archeologii Filozofick\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. D\u011bkuji za rozhovor, na sly\u0161enou.
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u010cRo Mal\u00e1rii po sv\u011bt\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili p\u0159ed stovkami let Evropan\u00e9 kolonizuj\u00edc\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriku, obchodn\u00edci i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci. I to jsou z\u00e1v\u011bry rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, na kter\u00e9m se […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozhovory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50957"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50957\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}