Na ot\u00e1zku, jak za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 infarkt, by asi mnoz\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee bolest\u00ed na hrudi. Jen\u017ee nen\u00ed bolest jako bolest, a tak n\u00e1b\u011bh na infarkt lid\u00e9 mnohdy nepoznaj\u00ed. Nam\u00edsto jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 snahy zachr\u00e1nit si \u017eivot, zbyte\u010dn\u011b vy\u010dk\u00e1vaj\u00ed, jak se situace vyvine. Co se d\u011bje s t\u011blem p\u0159i infarktu, kdy volat z\u00e1chranku i jestli je rozd\u00edl mezi \u017eensk\u00fdm a mu\u017esk\u00fdm infarktem, vysv\u011btlil \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159edn\u00ed kardiolog Ji\u0159\u00ed Krej\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bolest na hrudi u infarktu m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 typick\u00e9 charakteristiky. Je to bolest, kter\u00e1 je plo\u0161n\u00e1, sv\u00edrav\u00e1, p\u00e1liv\u00e1, tlakov\u00e1, neb\u00fdv\u00e1 lokalizovan\u00e1 do jednoho bodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eInfarktov\u00e1 bolest nen\u00ed takov\u00e9 to ostr\u00e9 p\u00edchnut\u00ed na hrudn\u00edku p\u0159i n\u00e1dechu. To zpravidla b\u00fdv\u00e1 zp\u016fsobeno t\u0159eba onemocn\u011bn\u00edm p\u00e1te\u0159e, mezi\u017eebern\u00edch sval\u016f nebo n\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm,\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje profesor Jan Krej\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159ednosta I. Intern\u00ed kardioangiologick\u00e9 kliniky Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice u svat\u00e9 Anny a p\u0159edseda Asociace srde\u010dn\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 kardiologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy volat z\u00e1chranku<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Infarktov\u00e1 bolest trv\u00e1 podle kardiologa d\u00e9le ne\u017e n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek minut. Je to sp\u00ed\u0161e tlakov\u00e9 sv\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u00e1len\u00ed, n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee vyza\u0159ovat do lev\u00e9 horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny nebo do krku. Infarkt m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spojen i s nevolnost\u00ed, pocen\u00edm nebo kolapsov\u00fdmi stavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201ePokud se takov\u00e1to bolest na hrudi objev\u00ed, \u010dlov\u011bk by nem\u011bl na nic \u010dekat. Je nutn\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b zavolat rychlou z\u00e1chrannou slu\u017ebu a nechat se odv\u00e9zt do nemocnice,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Jan Krej\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rizika akutn\u00edho infarktu myokardu spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi, kdy je nemocn\u00fd bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 pomoci. Kdy\u017e u\u017e se dostane do nemocnice, b\u00fdv\u00e1 progn\u00f3za relativn\u011b dobr\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro\u010d bolest na hrudi p\u0159i infarktu vznik\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro infarkt typick\u00e1 bolest je zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 nedokrevnost\u00ed, odborn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno ischemi\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu. Toto nast\u00e1v\u00e1 kv\u016fli z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed nebo uz\u00e1v\u011bru n\u011bkter\u00e9 z v\u011bn\u010dit\u00fdch tepen z\u00e1sobuj\u00edc\u00edch srdce krv\u00ed. V\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdm bolestem na hrudi se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 angina pectoris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zbyte\u010dn\u011b nepanika\u0159it, ale v\u010das jednat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud bolesti na hrudi postihnou \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd v minulosti akutn\u00ed infarkt myokardu prod\u011blal, ten u\u017e zpravidla tu\u0161\u00ed, jak vypadaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eKdy\u017e to vypad\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, pacient je pou\u010den\u00fd a v\u011bt\u0161inou si vol\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u011b sanitku. A to je spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Hor\u0161\u00ed je, kdy\u017e se dan\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee objev\u00ed poprv\u00e9 a \u010dlov\u011bk nev\u00ed, co je zp\u016fsobuje,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kardiolog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u011bkdo podle Jana Krej\u010d\u00edho zkou\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 man\u00e9vry. Ale takov\u00e9 oddalov\u00e1n\u00ed okam\u017eiku, kdy se zavol\u00e1 rychl\u00e1 z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 slu\u017eba, m\u016f\u017ee celou situaci je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161it. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve se nemocn\u00fd dostane do nemocnice a \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve se provede z\u00e1krok, kter\u00fd zpr\u016fchodn\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00e9vy, t\u00edm pro pacienta l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky infarktu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vedle typick\u00e9 bolesti na hrudi se ov\u0161em infarkt m\u016f\u017ee projevit i jinak. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pacient s cukrovkou nemus\u00ed m\u00edt v\u016fbec bolesti na hrudn\u00edku, ale m\u016f\u017ee se objevit jen du\u0161nost \u010di nevolnost. \u201eCukrovka postihuje i nervy, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke zhor\u0161en\u00e9mu vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed bolesti, a proto chyb\u00ed typick\u00e1 angina pectoris,\u201c vysv\u011btluje l\u00e9ka\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed pacienti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou po transplantaci srdce. I na transplantovan\u00e9m srdci se m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout posti\u017een\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00edch c\u00e9v a vzniknout infarkt. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak podobn\u011b jako u cukrovk\u00e1\u0159\u016f nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomna angina pectoris, tedy onen jasn\u00fd alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak, kter\u00fd by nemocn\u00e9 zav\u010das dovedl do nemocnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je \u017eensk\u00fd infarkt jin\u00fd ne\u017e u mu\u017e\u016f?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u017eensk\u00fd infarkt m\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky a \u017eeny na hrudi p\u0159i n\u011bm tolik nebol\u00edv\u00e1. Jan Krej\u010d\u00ed to ale vid\u00ed jinak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eNemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee by se dalo prohl\u00e1sit, \u017ee \u017eeny nemaj\u00ed bolesti na hrudn\u00edku. Mo\u017en\u00e1 doprovodn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky mohou b\u00fdt m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 podle nastaven\u00ed vegetativn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (sou\u010d\u00e1st nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu udr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed podm\u00ednky organismu; pozn. red.). Sp\u00ed\u0161e je v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zkou, jak kdo obecn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1 bolest \u010di \u00fazkost,\u201c vysv\u011btluje kardiolog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017deny obvykle b\u00fdvaj\u00ed odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di bolesti ne\u017e mu\u017ei. Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto maj\u00ed tendenci nebrat sv\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee tak v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Kardiolog si ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b nemysl\u00ed, \u017ee existuj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pohlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edly v tom, jak se infarkt myokardu projevuje. Odli\u0161nost\u00ed je v\u0161ak to, \u017ee \u017eeny obvykle dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed infarkty ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku ne\u017e mu\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1por na selh\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed srdce<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pacienti se srde\u010dn\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm, jim\u017e srdce nedostate\u010dn\u011b funguje, mohou tak\u00e9 pro\u017e\u00edvat bolest na hrudi. P\u0159itom se v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed jednat p\u0159\u00edmo o infarkt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201ePacienti se srde\u010dn\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm mohou trp\u011bt v noci du\u0161nost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 b\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkdy doprov\u00e1zena pocitem \u201asev\u0159en\u00ed hrudn\u00edku\u2018. To je jeden z typick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, kdy se v noci probud\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se jim \u0161patn\u011b d\u00fdch\u00e1, a ulev\u00ed se jim po posazen\u00ed,\u201c upozor\u0148uje kardiolog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u011bkdy ale tyto pacienty m\u016f\u017ee probudit i bolest na hrudn\u00edku. Je zp\u016fsobena t\u00edm, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd n\u00e1vrat krve z organismu vede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu, co\u017e zv\u00fdrazn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee objevit angina pectoris, kter\u00e1 za klidov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek neb\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e9\u010dba infarktu je v \u010cesku \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eR\u00e1d bych zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 absolutn\u011b \u0161pi\u010dkovou – tedy n\u00edzkou – \u00famrtnost na infarkt myokardu v nemocnici. Nemocn\u00fd, kter\u00fd se dostane do nemocnice, m\u00e1 velmi dobrou progn\u00f3zu. Jednu z v\u016fbec nejlep\u0161\u00edch na sv\u011bt\u011b,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jan Krej\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je to d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice u\u017e 30 let funguje syst\u00e9m katetriza\u010dn\u00edch laborato\u0159\u00ed (m\u00edsto, kde se prov\u00e1d\u00ed invazivn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed srdce pomoc\u00ed tenk\u00fdch dr\u00e1tk\u016f, takzvan\u00e1ch kat\u00e9tr\u016f; pozn. red.) a l\u00e9\u010dby akutn\u00edho infarktu myokardu pomoc\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00ed angioplastiky (mechanick\u00e9ho zpr\u016fchodn\u011bn\u00ed ucpan\u00e9 c\u00e9vy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy\u017e u\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk s infarktem dostane do nemocnice, v\u011bt\u0161inou je progn\u00f3za velmi dobr\u00e1. \u00damrtnost v nemocnici se pohybuje okolo 5 %, co\u017e dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed i data N\u00e1rodn\u00edho kardiologick\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bolest deset minut a dost<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk do nemocnice v\u010das nedostane. \u201eLid\u00e9 nesm\u00ed dlouho v\u00e1hat,\u201c upozor\u0148uje kardiolog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eKdy\u017e lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed typick\u00e9 bolesti na hrudn\u00edku, kter\u00e9 trvaj\u00ed deset a\u017e dvacet minut a nep\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed, tak by m\u011bli okam\u017eite zavolat sanitku a dostat se do nemocnice,\u201c p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011brem Jan Krej\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prevence infarktu myokardu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdo chce p\u0159edej\u00edt srde\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edhod\u011b, mus\u00ed si chr\u00e1nit c\u00e9vy p\u0159ed zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm, tedy p\u0159ed ateroskler\u00f3zou. To znamen\u00e1 dodr\u017eovat zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nekou\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud m\u00e1 pacient cukrovku, vysok\u00fd tlak nebo vysok\u00fd cholesterol, tak je spr\u00e1vn\u011b a d\u016fsledn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00fdbat se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neb\u00fdt ob\u00e9zn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vyhnout se nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alkoholu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dodr\u017eovat z\u00e1sady zdrav\u00e9 diety s omezen\u00edm \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f, dostatkem zeleniny a t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 ryb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zdena Lackov\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pra\u017esk\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/prazsky.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Na ot\u00e1zku, jak za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 infarkt, by asi mnoz\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee bolest\u00ed na hrudi. Jen\u017ee nen\u00ed bolest jako bolest, a tak n\u00e1b\u011bh na infarkt lid\u00e9 mnohdy […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14648,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51309"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51309\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}