{"id":53125,"date":"2024-11-13T12:21:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T11:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53125"},"modified":"2024-11-13T12:22:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T11:22:32","slug":"cistici-prostredky-skodi-plicim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53125","title":{"rendered":"\u010cistic\u00ed prost\u0159edky \u0161kod\u00ed plic\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro \u017eeny, uk\u00e1zala studie<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praha, 13. 11. 2024 \u2013 P\u0159ehnan\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 ukl\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u0161kodit plic\u00edm podobn\u011b jako vykou\u0159en\u00ed krabi\u010dky cigaret denn\u011b. Upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na to plicn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed \u010dast\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm \u010distic\u00edch a dezinfek\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f ve \u0161patn\u011b v\u011btran\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch. P\u0159\u00edpravky toti\u017e obsahuj\u00ed \u0159adu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00ed pr\u016fdu\u0161ky a mohou v\u00e9st k\u00a0rozvoji mnoha plicn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chronick\u00e9 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoci (CHOPN). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00a0touto chorobou se v\u00a0\u010cesku l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed asi 250\u00a0000 lid\u00ed, podle odhad\u016f ale dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 450\u00a0000 osob o sv\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu v\u016fbec nev\u00ed. L\u00e9ka\u0159i proto v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Dne pro zdrav\u00e9 pl\u00edce, po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9ho u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne CHOPN (20. 11.), zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu prevence a\u00a0v\u010dasn\u00e9ho z\u00e1chytu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eP\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m a dlouhodob\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010distic\u00edch a dezinfek\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve form\u011b sprej\u016f, se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zejm\u00e9na uvnit\u0159 budov dost\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Pokud je \u010dlov\u011bk ka\u017edodenn\u011b vdechuje, mohou v\u00fdznamn\u011b po\u0161kodit jeho pr\u016fdu\u0161ky. U mlad\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed hroz\u00ed propuknut\u00ed nebo zhor\u0161en\u00ed ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u016fdu\u0161kov\u00e9ho astmatu. Star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou pak n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 k rozvoji chronick\u00e9 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoci,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. MUDr. Vladim\u00edr Kobl\u00ed\u017eek, Ph.D., p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 pneumologick\u00e9 a ftizeologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 tak ned\u00e1vno publikovanou norskou studii, kter\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20 let sledovala p\u0159es 6\u00a0000 lid\u00ed. V\u011bdci se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f dotazovali na zp\u016fsob ukl\u00edzen\u00ed a typ pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho \u010distic\u00edho prost\u0159edku. N\u00e1sledn\u011b testovali funkci jejich plic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eUk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee dlouhodob\u00e9 vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic z\u00a0\u00faklidov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f m\u00e1 na zdrav\u00ed obdobn\u00fd dopad jako pravideln\u00e9 kou\u0159en\u00ed 10\u201320 cigaret denn\u011b. Kapacita plic se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila zejm\u00e9na \u017een\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 jsou na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jsou mu tak\u00e9 v\u00edce exponov\u00e1ny,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed doc. Kobl\u00ed\u017eek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pravideln\u011b ukl\u00edzej\u00ed doma nebo v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, by se tak podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f m\u011bli chr\u00e1nit. \u201eNab\u00edz\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rou\u0161ek nebo respir\u00e1tor\u016f. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 ale i kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 intenzivn\u00ed v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud si \u010dlov\u011bk b\u011bhem \u00faklidu otev\u0159e v\u00a0m\u00edstnosti okno, velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st chemik\u00e1li\u00ed se ve vzduchu z\u0159ed\u00ed, a jejich \u0161kodlivost se tak v\u00fdznamn\u011b omez\u00ed,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje pneumolog. \u010cast\u00fd \u00faklid nebo kou\u0159en\u00ed ale nejsou jedin\u00fdmi faktory, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko rozvoje plicn\u00edch chorob. Velkou roli hraje tak\u00e9 genetika nebo prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk v\u011bt\u0161inu dne pohybuje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eV \u010cesk\u00e9 republice m\u00e1me dlouhodob\u011b probl\u00e9m s\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm \u0161kodlivin, kter\u00e9 se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uvol\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00a0tranzitn\u00ed dopravy. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti ru\u0161n\u00fdch silnic, jsou jim extr\u00e9mn\u011b vystaveni. V\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed Evropy, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cR, nepln\u00ed c\u00edl Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO), kter\u00fd ud\u00e1v\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00e9 koncentrace pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu. Zejm\u00e9na \u010d\u00e1stice men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2,5 mikrometru se p\u0159itom skrze pl\u00edce mohou dostat a\u017e do krve, kde p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro mozek \u010di srdce a \u0161kodliv\u00e9 jsou i pro v\u00fdvoj nenarozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed,\u201c <\/em>upozor\u0148uje doc.\u00a0Kobl\u00ed\u017eek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 faktory p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke vzniku \u0159ady plicn\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u2013 zejm\u00e9na lid\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed 50 let se \u010dasto pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s\u00a0chronickou obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku trval\u00e9ho z\u00e1n\u011btu se t\u011bmto pacient\u016fm zu\u017euj\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty, do plic a z\u00a0nich proud\u00ed jen omezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vzduchu, co\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed probl\u00e9my s\u00a0d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eK nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm projev\u016fm CHOPN pat\u0159\u00ed du\u0161nost, ka\u0161el nebo vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hlenu. Bohu\u017eel, pacienti maj\u00ed \u010dasto tendenci p\u0159\u00edznaky podce\u0148ovat a odkl\u00e1daj\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu l\u00e9ka\u0159e a\u017e do chv\u00edle, kdy u\u017e maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00e9 pl\u00edce. Pokud v\u0161ak odhal\u00edme nemoc v\u00a0ran\u00e9m stadiu, jsme schopni d\u00edky modern\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b zm\u00edrnit jej\u00ed projevy, a zlep\u0161it tak celkovou kvalitu \u017eivota pacienta,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof.\u00a0MUDr.\u202fMilan Sova, Ph.D., p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 aliance proti chronick\u00fdm respira\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch nemoci tak\u00e9 \u010dasto sta\u010d\u00ed vyvarovat se rizikov\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eS pacientem se sna\u017e\u00edme vytipovat \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 mu \u0161kod\u00ed. Pom\u016f\u017ee, kdy\u017e se zbav\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na kou\u0159en\u00ed nebo se v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci p\u0159esune do m\u00e9n\u011b pra\u0161n\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a za\u010dne pou\u017e\u00edvat ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky. Jde o drobn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 ale dok\u00e1\u017eou nemoc z\u00e1sadn\u011b zpomalit,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje doc. Kobl\u00ed\u017eek a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pro pacienty s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ekou formou CHOPN by nad\u011bj\u00ed do budoucna mohla b\u00fdt nov\u00e1 biologick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNejsp\u00ed\u0161e do t\u0159\u00ed let budeme m\u00edt v\u00a0\u010cesku k\u00a0dispozici prvn\u00ed tzv. biologick\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 budou p\u0159\u00edmo p\u016fsobit na bu\u0148ky stoj\u00edc\u00ed za po\u0161kozen\u00edm plic a doln\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch. P\u016fjde o velmi n\u00e1kladnou l\u00e9\u010dbu, kter\u00e1 by v\u0161ak mohla pomoci pacient\u016fm s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ekou a nestabiln\u00ed formou nemoci. U\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce za\u010dnou pneumologov\u00e9 hledat vhodn\u00e9 adepty pro tuto terapii.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intenzivn\u011b se l\u00e9ka\u0159i v\u011bnuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 prevenci. \u201ePacient\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00edme o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce, covidu-19 a\u00a0pneumokokov\u00fdm infekc\u00edm. Doporu\u010dujeme rovn\u011b\u017e o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti RS vir\u016fm. Lid\u00e9 s\u00a0po\u0161kozen\u00fdmi pl\u00edcemi toti\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ohro\u017een\u00e9 skupiny. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 infekce by tak pro n\u011b mohly b\u00fdt mnohdy a\u017e fat\u00e1ln\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje prim. MUDr. Ivana \u010ciern\u00e1 Peterov\u00e1, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sekce ambulantn\u00edch pneumolog\u016f a \u010dlenka v\u00fdboru \u010cesk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho spolku proti plicn\u00edm nemocem. Mimo to pneumologov\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed pacienty o dopadech kou\u0159en\u00ed \u010di inhalace tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Osv\u011btu se jim da\u0159\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159it i d\u00edky \u0159ad\u011b akc\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejnost. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eLid\u00e9 se \u010dasto boj\u00ed zaj\u00edt k\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159i, p\u0159esto\u017ee je dlouhodob\u011b su\u017euj\u00ed probl\u00e9my jako ka\u0161el nebo du\u0161nost. Proto se sna\u017e\u00edme pacient\u016fm co nejv\u00edce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit i mimo ordinace. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed akce<\/em> Den pro zdrav\u00e9 pl\u00edce<\/em><\/a> se letos uskute\u010dn\u00ed 22. listopadu od 9 hodin v\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9m s\u00e1le L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho domu v\u00a0Praze,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pneumolo\u017eka. Akci bude mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat tak\u00e9 online. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne CHOPN si pak lid\u00e9 mohou na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech v\u00a0\u010cesku<\/a> nechat zkontrolovat stav sv\u00fdch plic. Loni se touto cestou poda\u0159ilo l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm odhalit n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek plicn\u00edch poruch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kde si lid\u00e9 mohou nechat zkontrolovat stav sv\u00fdch plic pomoc\u00ed spirometrick\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n