{"id":53127,"date":"2024-11-13T12:10:04","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T11:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53127"},"modified":"2024-11-13T12:23:57","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T11:23:57","slug":"kazdy-rok-pribude-250-lidi-nakazenych-virem-hiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53127","title":{"rendered":"Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok p\u0159ibude 250 lid\u00ed naka\u017een\u00fdch virem HIV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Roste po\u010det pozitivn\u00edch heterosexu\u00e1l\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praha, 12. 11. 2024 \u2013 P\u0159es 30 let uplynulo od doby, kdy lid\u00e9 vn\u00edmali n\u00e1kazu HIV jako v\u00a0kultovn\u00edm filmu Philadelphia. Tedy jako n\u011bco, co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b homosexu\u00e1l\u016f, drogov\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fdch a v\u017edy kon\u010d\u00ed smrt\u00ed. Dnes v\u0161ak u\u017e na HIV existuj\u00ed l\u00e9ky, d\u00edky nim\u017e nemocn\u00ed p\u0159estanou b\u00fdt infek\u010dn\u00ed a \u017eij\u00ed stejn\u011b jako zdrav\u00ed lid\u00e9. Infekce u\u017e tak\u00e9 p\u0159estala b\u00fdt dom\u00e9nou gay\u016f, naopak neust\u00e1le p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 infikovan\u00fdch heterosexu\u00e1l\u016f. V sou\u010dasnosti je po\u010det naka\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0obou skupin\u00e1ch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyrovnan\u00fd. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok testy v \u010cesku nov\u011b odhal\u00ed okolo 250 HIV pozitivn\u00edch. Situaci by podle odborn\u00edk\u016f mohlo zlep\u0161it v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o testov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu by se k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nemocn\u00ed dostali d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e infekce z\u00e1va\u017en\u011b oslab\u00ed jejich imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. I o tom ned\u00e1vno debatovaly stovky l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f na 10. kongresu klinick\u00e9 mikrobiologie, infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed a epidemiologie v Ostrav\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePokud je pacient dob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010den, tak se v jeho krvi p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 mno\u017eit HIV, nen\u00ed naka\u017eliv\u00fd a virus ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1l. Tento koncept ozna\u010dujeme \u201al\u00e9\u010dba jako prevence\u2018. Nejen \u017ee m\u00e1 pozitivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos pro nemocn\u00e9ho, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i pro celou spole\u010dnost,\u201c<\/em> popisuje MUDr. Pavel Dlouh\u00fd, p\u0159edseda Spole\u010dnosti infek\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed \u010cLS JEP a prim\u00e1\u0159 Infek\u010dn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed Masarykovy nemocnice v \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem. D\u00edky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b \u017eij\u00ed HIV pozitivn\u00ed lid\u00e9 stejn\u011b kvalitn\u00ed \u017eivot jako zdrav\u00ed. Do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku a mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u010d\u00edt d\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b v terapii HIV l\u00e9ka\u0159i pozoruj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fd posun k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu. \u201eV za\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch l\u00e9\u010dby musel pacient denn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat a\u017e 25 tabletek. Dnes medikace natolik pokro\u010dila, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed pouze jedna tableta denn\u011b,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Dlouh\u00fd s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee tento zp\u016fsob l\u00e9\u010dby se v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161iny nemocn\u00fdch. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je nap\u0159\u00edklad injek\u010dn\u00ed terapie, kterou l\u00e9ka\u0159 pacientovi aplikuje jednou za dva m\u011bs\u00edce. P\u0159esto se l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed pacienti \u010dasto pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159edsudky, a to nejen ve spole\u010dnosti, ale t\u0159eba i ve zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kde b\u00fdvaj\u00ed nepr\u00e1vem odm\u00edt\u00e1ni kv\u016fli mo\u017en\u00e9mu p\u0159enosu n\u00e1kazy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZ jejich zku\u0161enost\u00ed v\u00edme, \u017ee maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m naj\u00edt t\u0159eba zuba\u0159e \u010di chirurgick\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b. I pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159e je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout skute\u010dnost, \u017ee dob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010den\u00fd pacient u\u017e virus ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 riziko n\u00e1kazy p\u0159itom p\u0159edstavuje ten \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd infekci HIV m\u00e1, ale nev\u00ed o n\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Dlouh\u00fd. Virus HIV se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed krv\u00ed, z\u00a0matky na d\u00edt\u011b nebo pohlavn\u00edm stykem, kter\u00fd je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem infikace. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0\u010cesku l\u00e9ka\u0159i odhal\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost viru HIV u zhruba 250 lid\u00ed, a to speci\u00e1ln\u00edm krevn\u00edm testem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159es skv\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky l\u00e9\u010dby nelze ani dnes HIV infekci podce\u0148ovat. Jej\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed tkv\u00ed v\u00a0tom, \u017ee se dlouho nijak neprojevuje a naka\u017een\u00fd o n\u00ed \u0159adu m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebo let nemus\u00ed v\u016fbec v\u011bd\u011bt \u2013 nem\u00e1 tak d\u016fvod se nechat na HIV testovat. Virus ale mezit\u00edm postupn\u011b ni\u010d\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u010dlov\u011bka a v posledn\u00edm stadiu se pln\u011b rozv\u00edj\u00ed v\u00a0onemocn\u011bn\u00ed AIDS, kdy m\u016f\u017ee i dnes pacient podlehnout z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed \u010di n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 komplikaci. \u201e\u010c\u00edm pozd\u011bji infekci odhal\u00edme, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hroz\u00ed riziko, \u017ee je obranyschopnost naru\u0161en\u00e1 natolik, \u017ee se n\u00e1m nepoda\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbou jej\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed obnovit. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 neot\u00e1let, a pokud jsme si v\u011bdomi n\u011bjak\u00e9ho rizika, nechat se otestovat. \u0158ada z\u00e1jemc\u016f chod\u00ed na testy pravideln\u011b, aby na p\u0159\u00edpadnou infekci p\u0159i\u0161li v\u010das,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. Svatava Snopkov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed HIV centra Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice v Brn\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otestovat se z\u00e1jemci mohou kdekoliv po cel\u00e9m \u010cesku. Pokud se nechaj\u00ed testovat u \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti AIDS pomoc, je v\u0161e anonymn\u00ed a bezplatn\u00e9. \u201eJedinou podm\u00ednkou je vypln\u011bn\u00ed anonymn\u00edho dotazn\u00edku p\u0159edem. Ten n\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u011b ur\u010dit, na kter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed pohlavn\u00ed choroby bychom m\u011bli z\u00e1jemce testovat,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje Ing. Stanislav Pek\u00e1rek, \u0159editel \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti AIDS pomoc. Ta provozuje testovac\u00ed checkpointy<\/a> na v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti m\u00edstech v\u00a0tuzemsku, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Praze, Brn\u011b, Ostrav\u011b, Olomouci nebo \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch. Organizace tak\u00e9 pravideln\u011b jezd\u00ed se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi sanitkami testovat na HIV i do dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst v\u00a0\u010cesku nebo t\u0159eba i na festivaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZat\u00edmco kolem roku 2015 dominovali MSM (mu\u017ei maj\u00edc\u00ed sex s mu\u017ei), nyn\u00ed se karta obrac\u00ed a\u00a0vid\u00edme z\u0159eteln\u00fd \u00fabytek n\u00e1kaz v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b, a naopak se zvy\u0161uje z\u00e1chyt ve skupin\u011b heterosexu\u00e1l\u016f,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ing. Stanislav Pek\u00e1rek. \u201ePokles u MSM si vysv\u011btlujeme souhrou n\u011bkolika faktor\u016f, a to vysokou m\u00edrou testov\u00e1n\u00ed ve skupin\u011b, v\u010dasnou l\u00e9\u010dbou nov\u00fdch z\u00e1chyt\u016f, ale i\u00a0prevenc\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1. Krom\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edho kondomu a uv\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 volby sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho partnera (kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed i proti dal\u0161\u00edm sexu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00fdm infekc\u00edm, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad syfilis nebo kapavka) je novou mo\u017enost\u00ed prevence u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed takzvan\u00e9ho PrEPu<\/em> neboli preexpozi\u010dn\u00ed profylaxe, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1n\u00ed usazen\u00ed viru HIV v\u00a0t\u011ble. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro osoby, je\u017e se \u010dast\u011bji vystavuj\u00ed riziku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePrEP funguje tak, \u017ee se ka\u017ed\u00fd den u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jedna tableta antivirotik, kter\u00e1 z\u00a099 % zabr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kaze HIV. D\u00edky tomuto modern\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu bychom mohli v\u00a0budouc\u00edch letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det nov\u011b naka\u017een\u00fdch,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 MUDr. Dlouh\u00fd s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u010dasn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0dostupnost modern\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit v\u00fdvoj epidemie HIV a zabr\u00e1nit zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1kaz\u00e1m i jejich komplikac\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Roste po\u010det pozitivn\u00edch heterosexu\u00e1l\u016f Praha, 12. 11. 2024 \u2013 P\u0159es 30 let uplynulo od doby, kdy lid\u00e9 vn\u00edmali n\u00e1kazu HIV jako v\u00a0kultovn\u00edm filmu Philadelphia. Tedy […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/53128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}