{"id":53131,"date":"2024-11-14T04:58:04","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T03:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53131"},"modified":"2024-11-14T05:07:00","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T04:07:00","slug":"netopyri-prenaseji-vzteklinu-v-cesku-jako-jedini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53131","title":{"rendered":"Netop\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vzteklinu \u2013 v\u00a0\u010cesku jako jedin\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159esto je n\u00e1kaza u n\u00e1s v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praha, 12. 11. 2024 \u2013 P\u0159enos vztekliny z netop\u00fdra na \u010dlov\u011bka je sp\u00ed\u0161e vz\u00e1cnost, p\u0159esto je tento savec v sou\u010dasnosti jedin\u00fdm a nejrizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nositelem vztekliny v\u00a0\u010cesku, podobn\u011b jako je tomu v\u00a0jin\u00fdch rabies free zem\u00edch. U ostatn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad u ps\u016f nebo li\u0161ek, se virus u n\u00e1s poda\u0159ilo vakcinac\u00ed vym\u00fdtit. Lid\u00e9, kter\u00e9 netop\u00fdr \u0161kr\u00e1bne nebo kousne, mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad <\/strong>SOS netop\u00fd\u0159\u00ed linku<\/strong><\/a>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ce\u0161i se ale proti vzteklin\u011b o\u010dkuj\u00ed, a to bu\u010f preventivn\u011b, p\u0159ed cestou do rizikov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, nebo v\u00a0antirabick\u00fdch st\u0159edisc\u00edch po poran\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159etem, u\u00a0kter\u00e9ho nelze vzteklinu vylou\u010dit. V\u00a0budoucnu by toto o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011blo b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Po\u010det d\u00e1vek vakc\u00edn, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasnosti aplikuj\u00ed, by se mohl sn\u00ed\u017eit. Pr\u00e1v\u011b vzteklinu a\u00a0o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161ili ned\u00e1vno specialist\u00e9 na 10. kongresu klinick\u00e9 mikrobiologie, infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed a\u00a0epidemiologie v Ostrav\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eJedinou pomoc\u00ed proti vzteklin\u011b je nechat se po rizikov\u00e9m poran\u011bn\u00ed zav\u010das nao\u010dkovat a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b bezprost\u0159edn\u011b z\u00edskat ochrann\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky s\u00e9rem. Jakmile se u \u010dlov\u011bka objev\u00ed prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, je pozd\u011b. Nemoc toti\u017e stoprocentn\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed smrt\u00ed<\/em>, \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd l\u00e9k neexistuje,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje MUDr. Petr K\u00fcmpel, emeritn\u00ed prim\u00e1\u0159 infek\u010dn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed Slezsk\u00e9 nemocnice v Opav\u011b. Virus vztekliny napad\u00e1 v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Infekci p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed naka\u017een\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata slinami p\u0159i kousnut\u00ed, jin\u00e9 cesty p\u0159enosu jsou raritn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0159\u00edve u n\u00e1s byli nejv\u00edce rizikov\u00ed psi, ko\u010dky, li\u0161ky, dal\u0161\u00ed divok\u00e1, ale i dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b netop\u00fd\u0159i. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je toti\u017e podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed u\u017e dvacet let takzvan\u011b rabies free, tedy bez v\u00fdskytu vztekliny. To se ale vztahuje pouze na zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 se pohybuj\u00ed po zemi. U netop\u00fdr\u016f se vyskytuje jin\u00fd typ viru, kter\u00fd savec na ostatn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, \u010dlov\u011bka ale vzteklinou nakazit m\u016f\u017ee (s t\u00edmto rizikem se setkal nap\u0159. mu\u017e letos v \u010dervenci v\u00a0Ostrav\u011b). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNetop\u00fdr je dnes v tuzemsku jedin\u00fdm p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010dem vztekliny. U ostatn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at by se virus vyskytovat nem\u011bl, pokud se nejedn\u00e1 o zv\u00ed\u0159e dovezen\u00e9 \u010di zatoulan\u00e9 z\u00a0oblast\u00ed, kde se vzteklina vyskytuje. Z\u00e1chyt ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f vztekliny p\u0159itom byl v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech hl\u00e1\u0161en i v\u00a0Polsku, Ma\u010farsku a na Slovensku,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje MUDr. K\u00fcmpel. Pokud lidem netop\u00fdr vlet\u00ed dom\u016f nebo ho najdou t\u0159eba poran\u011bn\u00e9ho venku, nem\u011bli by panika\u0159it, ale ur\u010dit\u011b by na n\u011bj nem\u011bli sahat bez siln\u00fdch rukavic. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee si neporad\u00ed sami, mohou kontaktovat nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011bstskou policii, z\u00e1chrannou stanici nebo takzvanou SOS netop\u00fd\u0159\u00ed linku, kde lidem odborn\u00edci porad\u00ed nebo pomohou s\u00a0odchytem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNetop\u00fdr s\u00e1m od sebe \u010dlov\u011bka zpravidla nekousne. Pokud se ho ale bude sna\u017eit chytit nebo jej vyhnat, pak hroz\u00ed, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159e za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. K\u00fcmpel s t\u00edm, \u017ee samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ne v\u0161ichni netop\u00fd\u0159i jsou naka\u017een\u00ed. \u201eV\u00fdskyt infekce je velice vz\u00e1cn\u00fd. P\u0159esto je nutn\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poran\u011bn\u00ed netop\u00fdrem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jin\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem, u n\u011bj\u017e vzteklinu nelze vylou\u010dit, v\u017edy nav\u0161t\u00edvit l\u00e9ka\u0159e \u010di l\u00e9pe p\u0159\u00edmo antirabick\u00e9 centrum, kde l\u00e9ka\u0159 posoud\u00ed riziko a pacient v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby dostane postexpozi\u010dn\u00ed antirabickou profylaxi. Ta jedin\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poran\u011bn\u00ed vztekl\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem odvr\u00e1tit roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru v\u00a0nervov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, a zabr\u00e1nit tak smrteln\u00e9 nemoci,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1. Stejn\u011b by pak m\u011bli lid\u00e9 postupovat, pokud je nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, veterin\u00e1rn\u011b nevy\u0161et\u0159iteln\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e napadne t\u0159eba v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v Africe nebo v Asii, ale i v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch Evropy a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch kontinent\u016f. Vzteklinu tam p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji psi, ale i dal\u0161\u00ed toulav\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u010di divok\u00e1 teplokrevn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, nap\u0159\u00edklad opice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eInkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba vztekliny b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou 3 a\u017e 8 t\u00fddn\u016f po napaden\u00ed, n\u011bkdy ale i n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e let. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je nutn\u00e9 nechat se nao\u010dkovat co nejd\u0159\u00edve po rizikov\u00e9m poran\u011bn\u00ed. \u00dapln\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed je pak na rizika myslet p\u0159edem a vakcinaci zv\u00e1\u017eit preventivn\u011b p\u0159ed samotnou cestou do zahrani\u010d\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> doporu\u010duje MUDr. Milan Troj\u00e1nek, p\u0159ednosta Kliniky infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed a cestovn\u00ed medic\u00edny 2. LF UK, kter\u00e1 provozuje ve FN Motol velk\u00e9 o\u010dkovac\u00ed centrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do budoucna by se mohlo zm\u011bnit mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u00e1vek vakc\u00edn. Novou podobu doporu\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f zat\u00edm infektologov\u00e9 spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi odborn\u00edky p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed. \u201eV sou\u010dasnosti m\u00e1me k dispozici velice \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 vakc\u00edny, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed protil\u00e1tek, a proto pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dojde ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu d\u00e1vek pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch jak k preexpozi\u010dn\u00ed, tak i postexpozi\u010dn\u00ed profylaxi,\u201c <\/em>uzav\u00edr\u00e1 MUDr. K\u00fcmpel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159esto je n\u00e1kaza u n\u00e1s v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 Praha, 12. 11. 2024 \u2013 P\u0159enos vztekliny z netop\u00fdra na \u010dlov\u011bka je sp\u00ed\u0161e vz\u00e1cnost, p\u0159esto je tento savec v […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53131\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/53141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}