{"id":53279,"date":"2024-11-21T06:50:13","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T05:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53279"},"modified":"2024-11-21T06:50:14","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T05:50:14","slug":"i-spalnicky-zabijeji-nebo-vedou-k-mentalni-retardaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53279","title":{"rendered":"I spalni\u010dky zab\u00edjej\u00ed nebo vedou k ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardaci"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>&nbsp;\u010cT 24<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celosv\u011btov\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f spalni\u010dek, loni jich meziro\u010dn\u011b zdravotn\u00edci zaznamenali o p\u011btinu v\u00edc, celkem p\u0159es 10 000 000. P\u0159ed jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm varuje Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace. Nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinou jsou d\u011bti do p\u011bti let, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ob\u011b\u0165mi nemoci. Spalni\u010dk\u00e1m se p\u0159itom d\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm a pr\u00e1v\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 vakcinace podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace stoj\u00ed za n\u00e1r\u016fstem p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159id\u00e1 Radom\u00edra Limberkov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159e pro spalni\u010dky St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu.Dobr\u00e9 odpoledne. V\u00e1m p\u0159eju.<br \/>Co tedy zat\u00edm n\u00e1r\u016fstem po\u010dtu nemoc\u00ed stoj\u00ed.<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 13,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Spalni\u010dky vlastn\u011b celosv\u011btov\u011b nikdy nevymizely. Po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kol\u00eds\u00e1 v n\u011bkolikalet\u00fdch cyklech, a to, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vid\u00edme n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, je nutn\u00e9 hodnotit v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu, kdy vlastn\u011b v dob\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed epidemie Covidu byl naopak v\u00fdskyt spalni\u010dek neobvykle n\u00edzk\u00fd. \u010c\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 jste zm\u00ednil, v po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jsou modelov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 vlastn\u011b ve v\u00fdsledku \u00fapln\u011b, tak hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed se neobjevuj\u00ed. Podle toho, kolik je nahl\u00e1\u0161eno p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, se jedn\u00e1 o mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010dty, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee z 91 % se tyto jak komplikace ve smyslu \u00famrt\u00ed, tak i po\u010dty p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00ed region\u016f WHO, africk\u00fd, jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, a co se t\u00fd\u010de toho po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, se k tomu p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod. Kdybychom se soust\u0159edili na WHO region evropsk\u00fd, tak bychom dos\u00e1hli po\u010dtu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho WHO evropsk\u00e9ho regionu v roce 23 p\u0159es 61 000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.Pokud bychom hovo\u0159ili o zem\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie, Evropsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho prostoru, tak v roce 23 se jednalo o 2300 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jsme v tomto roce m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edpad jeden. V roce 24 Vid\u00edme n\u00e1r\u016fst opravdu v po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f i v r\u00e1mci zem\u00ed cel\u00e9ho WHO evropsk\u00e9ho regionu, v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u00e1me zachyceno ji\u017e asi 100 000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v r\u00e1mci zem\u00ed EU, EH, Evropsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho prostoru se jedn\u00e1 o necel\u00fdch 20 000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, z toho ov\u0161em 11 000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b je v jedn\u00e9 ze zem\u00ed, kde je n\u00edzk\u00e1 proo\u010dkovanost a jedn\u00e1 se o Rumunsko, v Rumunsku bylo zaznamen\u00e1no dev\u011bt p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u00famrt\u00ed celkem v roce 2024. V r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho WHO regionu bylo zaznamen\u00e1no \u00famrt\u00ed 18. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zem\u00ed, jako je Kazachst\u00e1n, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, Uzbekist\u00e1n, Rusk\u00e1 federace, Kyrgyzst\u00e1n, v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v roce 2024 jsme detekovali 33 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spalni\u010dkami.<br \/><br \/>Roman Fojta, moder\u00e1tor<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Vy u\u017e jste se toho dotkla, ale jak \u010dasto spalni\u010dky zab\u00edjej\u00ed?<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 13,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee k \u00famrt\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed u jednoho z tis\u00edce p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spalni\u010dkami. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b na tom, v jak\u00e9 kondici, a\u0165 u\u017e tedy v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 nebo imunitn\u00ed, je\u00a0<strong>posti\u017een\u00fd<\/strong>\u00a0pacient, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ta \u00famrtnost je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou podvy\u017eiven\u00e9, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed nedostatek vitaminu A \u2013 tam potom m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k trval\u00e9mu\u00a0<strong>posti\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0v podob\u011b ztr\u00e1ty zraku, nicm\u00e9n\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spalni\u010dkami nen\u00ed radno podce\u0148ovat. Jedn\u00e1 se o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku Suprese imunity po onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 prostor pro n\u00e1stup bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch superinfekc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pak projevuj\u00ed bu\u010f jako z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edou\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt vyvol\u00e1vatelem pr\u016fjm\u016f, m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt vyvol\u00e1vatelem t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch pneumoni\u00ed a bohu\u017eel asi v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z tis\u00edce doch\u00e1z\u00ed i k\u00a0<strong>posti\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v podob\u011b z\u00e1n\u011btu mozku nebo z\u00e1n\u011btu mozkov\u00fdch blan, tato onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi z\u00e1paly plic mohou b\u00fdt nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem \u00famrt\u00ed, co\u017e se t\u00fdk\u00e1 trval\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed po onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spalni\u010dkami. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to ve spojen\u00ed tedy s t\u00edm z\u00e1n\u011btem mozku, m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee nastoupit hluchota a ment\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<b>posti\u017een\u00ed.<\/b> Jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednila, tak v zem\u00edch s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdm deficitem u d\u011bt\u00ed a nedostatkem vitamin\u016f A doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke slepot\u011b &#8211; k nejhor\u0161\u00edm fat\u00e1ln\u00edm komplikac\u00edm.<br \/><br \/>moder\u00e1tor<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>My jsme v \u00favodu nebo v t\u00e9 prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti rozhovoru \u0159\u00edkali, \u017ee pokud jde o spalni\u010dky, nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bkovou skupinou jsou d\u011bti do p\u011bti let, jak moc jsou mezi nimi spalni\u010dky naka\u017eliv\u00e9? Jak \u010dasto d\u011bti v t\u00e9to v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b um\u00edraj\u00ed.<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 13,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>spalni\u010dky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi jedno nejnaka\u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch infek\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a jeden nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk je schopn\u00fd nakazit a\u017e 12 vn\u00edmav\u00fdch osob. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejposti\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bkovou skupinou jsou mal\u00e9 d\u011bti. Dokud nedojde k o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud bychom dodr\u017eovali o\u010dkovac\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159, tak ve v\u011bku do 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f bychom m\u011bli prvn\u00ed d\u00e1vkou m\u00edt nao\u010dkov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny d\u011bti, druhou d\u00e1vku o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed pak aplikujeme mezi p\u00e1t\u00fdm a \u0161est\u00fdm rokem v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte, \u010dili p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm povinn\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky, t\u00edm tedy vlastn\u011b siln\u011b omez\u00edme mo\u017enost \u00famrt\u00ed u t\u00e9to nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 kategorie. Bohu\u017eel je skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u011b na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vlastn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poklesu proo\u010dkovanosti. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 proo\u010dkovanost je v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 p\u011btiprocentn\u00ed, a to dv\u011bma d\u00e1vkami vakc\u00edny, sou\u010dasn\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011bma d\u00e1vkami vakc\u00edny je o\u010dkov\u00e1no pouze 74 % d\u011bt\u00ed, jednou d\u00e1vkou vakc\u00edny pak 83, co\u017e neposkytne vlastn\u011b dostate\u010dnou ochranu t\u011bchto mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, pokud bychom hovo\u0159ili o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice i zde vid\u00edme pokles proo\u010dkovanosti postupn\u00fd, naposledy jsme po\u017eadovan\u00e9 proo\u010dkovanosti nad 95 % dos\u00e1hli v roce 2014. Od t\u00e9 doby doch\u00e1z\u00ed postupn\u011b ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto procenta a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b z posledn\u00edch dat m\u00e1me proo\u010dkovan\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00edky d\u011bt\u00ed narozen\u00fdch v roce 2019 prvn\u00ed d\u00e1vkou z necel\u00fdch 93 %, u d\u011bti narozen\u00fdch v roce 2020 op\u011bt sledujeme ur\u010dit\u00fd pokles, tam u\u017e m\u00e1me jenom 88 % proo\u010dkovan\u00e9 populace, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt o\u010dkov\u00e1na.<br \/><br \/>Roman Fojta, moder\u00e1tor<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>No a kde vid\u00edte p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny toho, \u017ee kles\u00e1 proo\u010dkovanost minim\u00e1ln\u011b v \u010cesku?<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 13,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b tomu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nerozum\u00edm, proto\u017ee historie vakcinace proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m je opravdu dlouhodob\u00e1, datuje se ji\u017e do roku 1969, kdy se vakc\u00edna zavedla, vakc\u00edna je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1, nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pro o\u010dkovan\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1dnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, naopak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 benefity. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b jedn\u00e1 se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b o nez\u00e1jem z ur\u010dit\u00fdch skupin lid\u00ed. Obavy rodi\u010d\u016f. Je to, je to v\u011bc, kdy je nutn\u00e1 osv\u011bta v t\u00e9to oblasti, je pot\u0159eba, aby Rodi\u010de dost\u00e1vali zaru\u010den\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed nejen \u00fa\u010dinnosti, ale i bezpe\u010dnosti vakc\u00edny, aby se neob\u00e1vali nech\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 d\u011bti o\u010dkovat.<br \/><br \/>Roman Fojta, moder\u00e1tor<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 Radom\u00edra Limberkov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159e pro spalni\u010dky St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu. D\u011bkuji za rozhovor, hezk\u00fd den v\u00e1m p\u0159eju.<br \/><br \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>&nbsp;\u010cT 24 Celosv\u011btov\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f spalni\u010dek, loni jich meziro\u010dn\u011b zdravotn\u00edci zaznamenali o p\u011btinu v\u00edc, celkem p\u0159es 10 000 000. P\u0159ed jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm varuje Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53279\" title=\"I spalni\u010dky zab\u00edjej\u00ed nebo vedou k ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardaci\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53279"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53279\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}