{"id":53547,"date":"2024-12-05T19:50:49","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:50:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53547"},"modified":"2024-12-05T19:58:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:58:15","slug":"vanoce-mohou-lidem-zlomit-srdce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53547","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1noce mohou lidem \u201ezlomit srdce\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Sv\u00e1tky jsou rizikov\u00fdm faktorem pro d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd lidsk\u00fd org\u00e1n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Praha, 5. 12. 2024 \u2013 V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky \u2013 pro n\u011bkoho zdroj radosti, pro druh\u00e9ho smutku a \u00fazkosti. Tak \u010di onak, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echna poru\u0161en\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho rytmu ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed fyziologick\u00e9 pochody v&nbsp;t\u011ble. Ve v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm \u010dase pozoruj\u00ed specialist\u00e9 na srdce hned n\u011bkolik fenom\u00e9n\u016f, kter\u00e9 se tohoto \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu t\u00fdkaj\u00ed. \u0158ada pacient\u016f ve snaze nep\u016fsobit rozruch a nezni\u010dit v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed pohodu odkl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu nemocnice, kdy\u017e se jim p\u0159it\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Na jin\u00e9 zase \u0161patn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed zima. Mraziv\u00e9 teploty zu\u017euj\u00ed tepny, hroz\u00ed riziko ucp\u00e1n\u00ed. Zima tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou poruch srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu. A v&nbsp;neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00fdm lidem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed \u201el\u00e1me srdce\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e<em>Syndrom zlomen\u00e9ho srdce, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Takotsubo kardiomyopatie, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 asi 2 % lid\u00ed s\u00a0akutn\u00edm koron\u00e1rn\u00edm syndromem. V\u00a0\u010cesku by tedy podle pesimistick\u00fdch odhad\u016f mohlo j\u00edt a\u017e o 800 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f za rok. Projevuje se velmi podobn\u011b jako akutn\u00ed infarkt myokardu. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i n\u011bm k poru\u0161e funkce velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti lev\u00e9 komory srde\u010dn\u00ed, co\u017e vede k\u00a0p\u0159echodn\u00e9mu srde\u010dn\u00edmu selh\u00e1n\u00ed nebo k\u00a0poruch\u00e1m srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje prof. MUDr. Ale\u0161 Linhart, DrSc., p\u0159ednosta II. intern\u00ed kliniky kardiologie a angiologie VFN v\u00a0Praze. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lid\u00e9 se \u201ezlomen\u00fdm srdcem\u201c c\u00edt\u00ed obvykle bolest na hrudi, du\u0161nost a maj\u00ed z\u00e1vrat\u011b. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch dojde ke kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 poru\u0161e v\u011bdom\u00ed (synkop\u011b) a celkov\u00e9 slabosti. <em>\u201eP\u0159esto\u017ee naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina pacient\u016f se po n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech vr\u00e1t\u00ed do norm\u00e1lu, u n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento stav fat\u00e1ln\u00ed. Zn\u00e1me situace, kdy je t\u0159eba intubovat, nebo dokonce napojit mechanickou podporu srdce,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. Linhart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takotsubo kardiomyopatii (n\u00e1zev je odvozen od p\u016fvodn\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch past\u00ed na chobotnice, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo a \u0161irokou z\u00e1kladnu \u2013 \u201ezlomen\u00e9 srdce\u201c m\u00e1 podobn\u00fd tvar)zp\u016fsobuje fyzick\u00fd a emo\u010dn\u00ed stres<em>. <\/em>Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi emocion\u00e1ln\u00edmi spou\u0161t\u011b\u010di jsou smrt milovan\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, konflikty ve vztaz\u00edch, strach, hn\u011bv a \u00fazkost nebo fyzick\u00e9 trauma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201eSv\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou tradi\u010dn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako rodinn\u00e9, mohou spou\u0161t\u011b\u010de umoc\u0148ovat,\u201c<\/em> pokra\u010duje prof. Linhart a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee tento syndrom postihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017eeny \u2013 asi z 90 %. P\u0159esn\u00fd mechanismus vzniku je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem odborn\u00fdch kontroverz\u00ed. Podle nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teorie se m\u00e1 zato, \u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0vyplaven\u00ed abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed hormon\u016f (katecholamin\u016f), kter\u00e9 org\u00e1n v\u00a0podstat\u011b \u201eomr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo, srdci neprosp\u00edv\u00e1 ani mraziv\u00e9 zimn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. <em>\u201eZ \u010detn\u00fdch studi\u00ed v\u00edme, \u017ee propad venkovn\u00edch teplot p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 10 <\/em><em>\u00b0C zvy\u0161uje po\u010det srde\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod asi o 7 %,\u201c <\/em>popisujeprof. MUDr. Petr O\u0161\u0165\u00e1dal, p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 kardiologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. \u201e<em>Chlad toti\u017e zu\u017euje <\/em><em>tepny, a tak vzr\u016fst\u00e1 riziko ucp\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00e9v. Mr\u00e1z vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 i poruchy srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu.\u201c <\/em>Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk za\u010dne vn\u00edmat p\u00e1len\u00ed, tlak a bolest na hrudi, m\u00edt pocity na omdlen\u00ed nebo \u0161patn\u011b d\u00fdchat, m\u011bl by okam\u017eit\u011b volat z\u00e1chranku. <em>\u201e<\/em><em>Pokud kontaktuje zdravotnickou z\u00e1chrannou slu\u017ebu v\u010das, m\u00e1 vysokou \u0161anci, \u017ee p\u0159e\u017eije v dobr\u00e9m stavu,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. O\u0161\u0165\u00e1dal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A s\u00a0t\u00edm maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli sv\u00e1tk\u016fm \u2013 necht\u011bj\u00ed toti\u017e naru\u0161it atmosf\u00e9ru a pokazit bl\u00edzk\u00fdm V\u00e1noce, a tak nevolnost ignoruj\u00ed. <em>\u201e\u010c\u00e1st pacient\u016f dokonce vynech\u00e1 domluven\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky u kardiologa,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje prof. MUDr. Jan Krej\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159ednosta I. intern\u00ed kardioangiologick\u00e9 kliniky FN u sv. Anny v\u00a0Brn\u011b. <em>\u201eN\u011bkter\u00fdm jedinc\u016fm se tak poda\u0159\u00ed \u201ap\u0159echodit\u2018 infarkt a dostav\u00ed se k\u00a0n\u00e1m u\u017e se srde\u010dn\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/em><em>Snahu vyhnout se p\u0159es sv\u00e1tky l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm uk\u00e1zala i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed studie, kter\u00e1 po dobu 10 let zkoumala <\/em><em>22\u00a0727 pacient\u016f se selh\u00e1n\u00edm srdce hospitalizovan\u00fdch v Einstein Medical Center. Soust\u0159edila se na <\/em><em>srovn\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu hospitalizac\u00ed pro srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed v hlavn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky, \u010dty\u0159i dny po sv\u00e1tc\u00edch a po zbytek m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/em><em> Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se zbytkem m\u011bs\u00edce do\u0161lo k signifikantn\u00edmu n\u00e1r\u016fstu denn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f lid\u00ed se srde\u010dn\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 ov\u0161em a\u017e t\u011bsn\u011b po sv\u00e1tc\u00edch.<\/em><em> Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd po\u010det denn\u00edch hospitalizac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo o sv\u00e1tc\u00edch byl naopak v\u00fdznamn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> popisuje v\u00fdsledky prof. Krej\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak kardiologov\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, z\u00e1klady pro to, aby se V\u00e1noce nestaly no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016frou, je t\u0159eba polo\u017eit mnohem d\u0159\u00edve. <em>\u201eA to v&nbsp;podob\u011b pravideln\u00e9ho pohybu, zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stravy, \u010di du\u0161evn\u00ed hygieny,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. O\u0161\u0165\u00e1dal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se zm\u011bnou \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed pacientsk\u00e9 organizace. <em>\u201eZ\u00e1jemc\u016fm z\u00a0\u0159ad kardiologick\u00fdch pacient\u016f nab\u00edz\u00edme konzultace s\u00a0nutri\u010dn\u00edmi a pohybov\u00fdmi terapeutkami. Mohou tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt na\u0161i on-line poradnu na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch. Pokud to situace vy\u017eaduje, um\u00edme lidem za\u0159\u00eddit odborn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u obezitologa,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad Mgr. Krist\u00fdna \u010cill\u00edkov\u00e1 z \u010cesk\u00e9 aliance pro kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b obezita m\u016f\u017ee podle prof. Krej\u010d\u00edho st\u00e1t v pozad\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny \u201esrde\u010dn\u00edch\u201c pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. A to celou \u0159adou mechanism\u016f v\u010detn\u011b neurohumor\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn (maj\u00ed vztah jak k nervov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu, tak hormon\u016fm), a proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch aktivit, kter\u00e9 vedou k\u00a0poru\u0161e funkce c\u00e9vn\u00ed v\u00fdstelky, co\u017e zase ni\u010d\u00ed tepny v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S&nbsp;nemocemi srdce a c\u00e9v se v&nbsp;\u010cesku pot\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3,5 milionu lid\u00ed, tyto choroby jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 40 % v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. V&nbsp;posledn\u00edch letech prudce roste po\u010det lid\u00ed se srde\u010dn\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm, kardiologov\u00e9 odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee by se nemoc mohla do roku 2030 t\u00fdkat a\u017e 600&nbsp;000 osob. Proto tak\u00e9 hodlaj\u00ed pos\u00edlit s\u00ed\u0165 specializovan\u00fdch ambulanc\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edch selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Sv\u00e1tky jsou rizikov\u00fdm faktorem pro d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd lidsk\u00fd org\u00e1n Praha, 5. 12. 2024 \u2013 V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky \u2013 pro n\u011bkoho zdroj radosti, pro druh\u00e9ho smutku a \u00fazkosti. <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=53547\" title=\"V\u00e1noce mohou lidem \u201ezlomit srdce\u201c\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29445,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53547"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53547\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/29445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}