V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si asi pamatuje biblick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, v nich\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 uzdravuje malomocn\u00e9. Jednalo se o z\u00e1zrak, proto\u017ee malomocenstv\u00ed neboli lepra byla a\u017e do 20. stolet\u00ed nel\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1. S touto nemoc\u00ed se bohu\u017eel lze setkat i dnes. Je tedy dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se lepra projevuje i nakolik je naka\u017eliv\u00e1. \u017de jde o st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00e9 t\u00e9ma a re\u00e1lnou hrozbu p\u0159ipomn\u011bl p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny Sv\u011btov\u00fd den lepry, kter\u00fd v\u017edy p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na posledn\u00ed lednovou ned\u011bli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lepra je chronick\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Zp\u016fsobuje ho bakterie Mycobacterium leprae, kterou objevil a\u017e v roce 1873 norsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Gerhard Armauer Hansen. Vyvr\u00e1til t\u00edm domn\u011bnky, \u017ee by malomocenstv\u00ed bylo d\u011bdi\u010dnou chorobou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ne\u017e ale p\u0159i\u0161el tento objev, za\u017e\u00edvali si malomocn\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b hotov\u00e9 peklo. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed kniha slovensk\u00fdch autor\u016f Epid\u00e9mie v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 u\u017e tis\u00edce let, bylo jako nel\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9 a stigmatizuj\u00edc\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako Bo\u017e\u00ed trest za h\u0159\u00edchy. Nemocn\u00ed b\u00fdvali ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako \u201echod\u00edc\u00ed mrtv\u00ed\u201c. A tak\u00e9 jako \u201enedotknuteln\u00ed\u201c, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee i pouh\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed ruky zp\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159enos choroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nejm\u00e9n\u011b naka\u017eliv\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kolem zp\u016fsobu p\u0159enosu lepry existuje dosud mnoho z\u00e1had. Je ale ji\u017e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee tato infekce je nejm\u00e9n\u011b naka\u017eliv\u00e1 ze v\u0161ech nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159enosn\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle odborn\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu pro nel\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky Florance se nakaz\u00ed jen 1 % lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ijdou s infekc\u00ed do kontaktu. P\u0159enos je mo\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm a dlouhodob\u00fdm kontaktem s nemocn\u00fdm. Onemocn\u00ed pak pouze lid\u00e9 se slabou imunitou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Doba od n\u00e1kazy k projevu nemoci je dlouh\u00e1. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt jeden rok, ale tak\u00e9 15 let. Lepra nen\u00ed smrteln\u00e1 choroba a lid\u00e9 j\u00ed naka\u017een\u00ed um\u00edraj\u00ed na jin\u00e9 komplikace. Jak d\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed web Florance, ve skute\u010dnosti je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee naka\u017een\u00ed lid\u00e9 um\u00edraj\u00ed ne na komplikace zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo leprou, ale na pot\u00ed\u017ee souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s jejich \u0161patn\u00fdm imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odpad\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky prst\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Projevy lepry maj\u00ed dv\u011b formy, co\u017e vysv\u011btluje \u010dl\u00e1nek publikovan\u00fd na webu knihovny 2. l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Multibacil\u00e1rn\u00ed lepra se vyzna\u010duje charakteristick\u00fdmi granulomat\u00f3zn\u00edmi uzlinami (oblast z\u00e1n\u011btu, kde se hromad\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fd v\u00fdpotek s dal\u0161\u00edmi bu\u0148kami; pozn. redakce). Pokud tyto uzliny nejsou l\u00e9\u010deny, zni\u010d\u00ed obli\u010dejov\u00e9 rysy a trvale po\u0161kod\u00ed nervy, kon\u010detiny a o\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Druhou formou je paucibacil\u00e1rn\u00ed neinfek\u010dn\u00ed lepra. Postupuje pomaleji, kdy vznikaj\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9 plochy na k\u016f\u017ei, ve kter\u00fdch se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed cit. U pokro\u010dil\u00e9 formy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k odpad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f prst\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Izolace v lepros\u00e1ri\u00edch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malomocenstv\u00ed se vyskytovalo ji\u017e ve starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00edch v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Indii a Egypt\u011b. Existuj\u00ed dokumenty z doby 600 let p\u0159ed n. l. z Indie, kde jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady lepry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V Evrop\u011b se tato choroba vyskytovala ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. D\u016fkazem jsou i bioarcheologick\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z koster v Brit\u00e1nii, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze 4. stolet\u00ed n. l. a jsou na nich prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny n\u00e1sledky lepry. Evropa byla nejv\u00edce posti\u017eena v obdob\u00ed od 11. do 14. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jeliko\u017e se jednalo o nel\u00e9\u010ditelnou chorobu, byli nemocn\u00ed izolov\u00e1ni, leckdy n\u00e1siln\u011b, ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0161pit\u00e1lech. V takzvan\u00fdch lepros\u00e1ri\u00edch pak vl\u00e1dly opravdu hr\u016fzn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. A to trvalo a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
St\u00e1le kolem dvou milion\u016f nemocn\u00fdch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Opravdu \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba p\u0159i\u0161la a\u017e v roce 1981, kdy Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace zavedla terapii siln\u00fdmi kombinovan\u00fdmi antibiotiky. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed t\u00edm byl po\u010det nemocn\u00fdch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b odhadov\u00e1n na 12 milion\u016f. D\u00edky vhodn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nyn\u00ed jejich po\u010det klesl pod dva miliony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok b\u00fdv\u00e1 na konci ledna vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n Sv\u011btov\u00fd den pomoci malomocn\u00fdm. M\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, \u017ee toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1le nebylo zcela vym\u00fdceno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U n\u00e1s byla pra\u017esk\u00fdm arcibiskupstv\u00edm v roce 2010 zalo\u017eena spole\u010dnost Likvidace lepry, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za c\u00edl pom\u00e1hat ve t\u0159et\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit infek\u010dn\u00ed choroby, jako jsou lepra a tuberkul\u00f3za.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sv\u011btov\u00fd den pomoci malomocn\u00fdm 31.1. 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sv\u011btov\u00fd den pomoci malomocn\u00fdm ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee malomocenstv\u00ed st\u00e1le existuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V sou\u010dasnosti se malomocenstv\u00ed nejv\u00edce \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii (v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f), d\u00e1le v Africe a Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe. Velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed malomocn\u00fdch je tak\u00e9 v Pacifiku a ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem se poda\u0159\u00ed objevit na 220 tis\u00edc nov\u00fdch nemocn\u00fdch. Miliony lid\u00ed si nesou stopy t\u00e9to nemoci v podob\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00fdch nerv\u016f, kon\u010detin a psychick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Svou nemoc mus\u00ed skr\u00fdvat, proto\u017ee se jich lid\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edt\u00ed. T\u00edm je nut\u00ed \u017e\u00edt na okraji spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zdroj: Spole\u010dnost Likvidace lepry<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zdena Lackov\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Den\u00edk.cz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si asi pamatuje biblick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, v nich\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 uzdravuje malomocn\u00e9. Jednalo se o z\u00e1zrak, proto\u017ee malomocenstv\u00ed neboli lepra byla a\u017e do 20. stolet\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54544\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}