Alzheimerova choroba je v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm celosv\u011btov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem a je proto p\u0159edm\u011btem mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdch zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci ned\u00e1vno p\u0159i\u0161li s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi poznatky, kter\u00e9 by mohly pomoci neinvazivn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u010das Alzheimerovu chorobu odhalit. Dal\u0161\u00ed studie pak napov\u00eddaj\u00ed, jak\u00e1 je nejlep\u0161\u00ed prevence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lancastersk\u00e1 univerzita zve\u0159ejnila p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny v\u00fdsledky zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 studie, jej\u00ed\u017e poznatky by mohly pomoci jednodu\u0161e, neinvazivn\u011b, levn\u011b a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak odhalit Alzheimerovu chorobu. Souvis\u00ed s frekvenc\u00ed d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u00e1 opravdu velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Co je to Alzheimerova choroba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alzheimerova choroba naru\u0161uje \u010d\u00e1st mozku a zp\u016fsobuje pokles takzvan\u00fdch kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed, tedy my\u0161len\u00ed, pam\u011bti a \u00fasudku. B\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou demence, kter\u00e1 postupn\u011b vede k z\u00e1vislosti nemocn\u00e9ho na ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pomoci jin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159es\u00e1hl po\u010det pacient\u016f s diagn\u00f3zou demence 100 tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 tis\u00edc p\u0159ipad\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b na Alzheimerovu chorobu. \u201eSkute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det nemocn\u00fdch v\u0161ak bude je\u0161t\u011b mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, vzhledem k mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nebylo rozpozn\u00e1no,\u201c upozor\u0148uje web \u010cesk\u00e9 alzheimerovsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alzheimerovu nemoc poprv\u00e9 popsal n\u011bmeck\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Alois Alzheimer v roce 1907. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se pova\u017eovala za vz\u00e1cnou nemoc. Nyn\u00ed se n\u011bjak\u00e1 forma demence vyskytuje u v\u00edce ne\u017e sedmi mili\u00f3n\u016f obyvatel Evropy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 Alzheimerova choroba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alzheimerova nemoc p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pozvolna. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se u nemocn\u00e9ho zhor\u0161uje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165, pak nen\u00ed schopen s\u00e1m p\u011b\u010dovat o dom\u00e1cnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eNemoc nen\u00ed pouhou zapomn\u011btlivost\u00ed, ale z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fdm stavem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v \u00fabytku mozkov\u00e9 hmoty,\u201c vysv\u011btluje St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle zpr\u00e1vy Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace pro v\u00fdzkum demence z roku 2022 je touto chorobou celosv\u011btov\u011b posti\u017eeno odhadem 55,2 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. V\u00fdskyt u osob star\u0161\u00edch 60 let se li\u0161\u00ed podle regionu: jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie uv\u00e1d\u00ed 2,9 %, Evropa 6,5 \u200b\u200b% a ostatn\u00ed regiony vykazuj\u00ed m\u00edru mezi 3,1 % a 5,7 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odhadovan\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch s demenc\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b vzroste do roku 2030 na 78 milion\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak rychle postupuje Alzheimerova choroba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rychlost, kterou Alzheimerova nemoc postupuje, se u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho posti\u017een\u00e9ho li\u0161\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku t\u011b\u017eko rozpoznateln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky demence se s postupuj\u00edc\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm prohlubuj\u00ed. Poruchy kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 pam\u011bti s typickou zapomn\u011btlivost\u00ed se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed s naru\u0161en\u00edm orientace v \u010dase a prostoru. Doty\u010dn\u00fd nap\u0159\u00edklad bloud\u00ed na zn\u00e1m\u00fdch m\u00edstech, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 a vyjad\u0159ovac\u00ed schopnosti a p\u016fsob\u00ed celkov\u011b zmaten\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u011bn\u00ed se cel\u00e1 osobnost nemocn\u00e9ho. V posledn\u00edch st\u00e1di\u00edch choroby u\u017e v\u016fbec nen\u00ed schopen se s\u00e1m o sebe postarat, tak\u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed o sob\u011bsta\u010dnost a je zcela odk\u00e1z\u00e1n na p\u00e9\u010di druh\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak vznik\u00e1 Alzheimerova choroba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159esn\u00fd mechanismus vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed dosud zcela objasn\u011bn. V mozku posti\u017een\u00fdch vznikaj\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny, kter\u00e9 se ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 v podob\u011b vl\u00e1ken nebo v okol\u00ed nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk jako takzvan\u00e9 amyloidov\u00e9 plaky. \u201eT\u011blo tyto usazeniny nedok\u00e1\u017ee rozlo\u017eit,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed port\u00e1l (NZIP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kv\u016fli tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kozen\u00ed a z\u00e1niku nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a jejich spoj\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u011b v mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni ub\u00fdv\u00e1 acetylcholin (neurotransmiter kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed mozku; pozn. red.), kter\u00fd mozek pot\u0159ebuje k p\u0159enosu nervov\u00fdch vzruch\u016f. P\u0159i jeho nedostatku ztr\u00e1c\u00ed bu\u0148ky schopnost vz\u00e1jemn\u011b si vym\u011b\u0148ovat informace. To se projev\u00ed postupn\u00fdm zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch a rozumov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Za propuknut\u00edm nemoci stoj\u00ed v\u011bk, d\u011bdi\u010dnost, rizikov\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku opakovan\u00fdmi \u00fadery \u010di p\u00e1dy, hormony a tak\u00e9 dosa\u017een\u00fd stupe\u0148 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eUk\u00e1zalo se toti\u017e, \u017ee ,tr\u00e9novan\u00fd\u2019 mozek je v\u016f\u010di t\u00e9to chorob\u011b odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c upozornili odborn\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Americk\u00fd St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav informoval loni o studii, kter\u00e1 zjistila, \u017ee Alzheimerova choroba m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit mozek ve dvou f\u00e1z\u00edch. Prvn\u00ed (ran\u00e1 f\u00e1ze) se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 pomalu, ti\u0161e a po\u0161kod\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik zraniteln\u00fdch typ\u016f bun\u011bk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Druh\u00e1 (pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1ze) u\u017e zp\u016fsobuje destruktivn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se shoduje s objeven\u00edm symptom\u016f a rychl\u00fdm hromad\u011bn\u00edm plak\u016f i dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f Alzheimerovy choroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eSchopnost detekovat ran\u00e9 zm\u011bny znamen\u00e1, \u017ee poprv\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt, co se d\u011bje s mozkem \u010dlov\u011bka v nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00edch nemoci,\u201c \u0159ekl \u0159editel St\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fastavu pro st\u00e1rnut\u00ed Richard J. Hodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle n\u011bj v\u00fdsledky studie z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f o tom, jak Alzheimerova choroba po\u0161kozuje mozek, a budou vod\u00edtkem pro v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f l\u00e9\u010dby t\u00e9to ni\u010div\u00e9 poruchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zp\u016fsob, jak odhalit Alzheimerovu chorobu v\u010das<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdsledky zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e1 by mohla p\u0159isp\u011bt k v\u010dasn\u00e9mu odhalen\u00ed Alzheimerovy choroby, p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny zve\u0159ejnila Lancastersk\u00e1 univerzita. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee lid\u00e9 trp\u00edc\u00ed touto nemoc\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvenci d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. U kontroln\u00ed skupiny zdrav\u00fdch lid\u00ed \u010dinila st\u0159edn\u00ed rychlost d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed 13 dech\u016f za minutu, u skupiny s Alzheimerovou chorobou to bylo 17 dech\u016f za minutu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eUkazujeme, jak lze Alzheimerovu chorobu detekovat jednodu\u0161e, neinvazivn\u011b a levn\u011b. Tato metoda m\u00e1 velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l,\u201c sd\u011blila vedouc\u00ed studie profesorka Aneta Stefanovska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed Alzheimerova choroba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eBohu\u017eel dosud neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd by Alzheimerovu chorobu vyl\u00e9\u010dil. To ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee nem\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jak stav pacienta zlep\u0161it,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 alzheimerovsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky nemohou vyl\u00e9\u010dit p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny demence ani zastavit degeneraci mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Jejich \u00fa\u010dinek je omezen na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f a do\u010dasnou stabilizaci n\u011bkter\u00fdch du\u0161evn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed. V po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch stadi\u00edch mohou n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky zpomalit progresi, tedy dal\u0161\u00ed zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e9\u010dba v\u0161ak m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 \u00faskal\u00ed. \u00da\u010dinnost ani bezpe\u010dnost v\u011bt\u0161iny sou\u010dasn\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f nen\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, tak\u017ee v\u00fdvoj vhodn\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div neust\u00e1le pokra\u010duje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch bylo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny klinick\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f ukon\u010deno, proto\u017ee nevyhovovaly. \u201eV sou\u010dasnosti dostupn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky prim\u00e1rn\u011b nab\u00edzej\u00ed symptomatickou \u00falevu. \u010casto jsou v\u0161ak doprov\u00e1zeny ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e studie z roku 2024 s n\u00e1zvem Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 pokroky v Alzheimerov\u011b chorob\u011b: mechanismy, klinick\u00e9 studie a nov\u00e9 strategie v\u00fdvoje l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji l\u00e9k\u016f st\u00e1le v\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence. AI prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aspektech Alzheimerovy choroby: od detekce a diagn\u00f3zy po pochopen\u00ed mechanism\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, objevov\u00e1n\u00ed biomarker\u016f, n\u00e1vrh klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed, objevov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f a predikci progn\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eCelkov\u011b je integrace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence do v\u00fdzkumu Alzheimerovy nemoci p\u0159\u00edslibem pro pokrok v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed nemoci,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prevence Alzheimerovy choroby<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee zat\u00edm nezn\u00e1me l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal Alzheimerovu chorobu vyl\u00e9\u010dit, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prevence. K n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 strava<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dostatek pohybu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kontrola stresu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dostatek kvalitn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eVelk\u00fd v\u00fdznam maj\u00ed intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed \u010detba, lu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovek, studium ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f nebo hra na hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj do co nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku,\u201c p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Velmi dobr\u00fd vliv na zdrav\u00ed m\u00e1 i spole\u010densk\u00e1 aktivita. \u201eN\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy p\u0159\u00e1tel, \u00fa\u010dast na ve\u010d\u00edrc\u00edch a chozen\u00ed do kostela mohou pomoci udr\u017eet v\u00e1\u0161 mozek zdrav\u00fd,\u201c zjistila studie odborn\u00edk\u016f z Rush University Medical Center<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle t\u00e9to studie vykazuje \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e1 aktivita 38procentn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika demence a 21procentn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika m\u00edrn\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed poruchy ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b aktivn\u00ed nejsou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rozd\u00edl mezi demenc\u00ed a Alzheimerovou chorobou. Alzheimerova nemoc je zp\u016fsobena rozpadem nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, kde\u017eto sta\u0159eck\u00e1 demence je postupn\u00e9 odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk v d\u016fsledku p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho st\u00e1rnut\u00ed organizmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ivana Vitovsk\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Brn\u011bnsk\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/brnensky.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Alzheimerova choroba je v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm celosv\u011btov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem a je proto p\u0159edm\u011btem mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdch zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci ned\u00e1vno p\u0159i\u0161li s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi poznatky, kter\u00e9 by mohly pomoci neinvazivn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55213"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55213\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}