{"id":56277,"date":"2025-04-09T06:38:40","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T04:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=56277"},"modified":"2025-04-09T06:38:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T04:38:52","slug":"cesko-finisuje-plan-jak-vymytit-nadory-zpusobene-hpv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=56277","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesko fini\u0161uje pl\u00e1n, jak vym\u00fdtit n\u00e1dory zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 HPV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 % d\u00edvek a v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % chlapc\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesku nao\u010dkov\u00e1no proti lidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru (HPV). Onemocn\u011bt tak mohou \u0159adou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch chorob, kter\u00e9 infekce zp\u016fsobuje. S HPV se setk\u00e1 a\u017e 80 % populace. Viry stoj\u00ed za naprostou v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla, ale pod\u00edl\u00ed se tak\u00e9 na vzniku n\u00e1dor\u016f pochvy, zevn\u00edch rodidel, \u0159itn\u00edho otvoru nebo i\u00a0genit\u00e1ln\u00edch bradavic. Zku\u0161enosti jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pomoc\u00ed komplexn\u00ed strategie je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdskyt t\u011bchto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit na minimum. Po jejich vzoru proto \u010cesko aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipravuje N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pl\u00e1n pro eliminaci onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch HPV, s\u00a0c\u00edlem za\u0159adit tyto choroby mezi vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. O strategick\u00e9m dokumentu i dal\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9matech spojen\u00fdch s HPV diskutovali odborn\u00edci na kulat\u00e9m stolu v\u00a0Sen\u00e1tu P\u010cR.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do roku 2030 by podle N\u00e1rodn\u00edho onkologick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu m\u011blo b\u00fdt v\u00a0\u010cesku proti HPV nao\u010dkov\u00e1no minim\u00e1ln\u011b 90 % d\u00edvek a optim\u00e1ln\u011b stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed chlapc\u016f do 15 let. S\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00edm tohoto c\u00edle m\u00e1 pomoci N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pl\u00e1n pro eliminaci onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch HPV, kter\u00fd aktu\u00e1ln\u011b dokon\u010duj\u00ed odborn\u00edci ze St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu (SZ\u00da).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePl\u00e1nujeme c\u00edlit osv\u011btu na \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum obyvatel \u2013 rodi\u010de a d\u011bti, \u017eeny i l\u00e9ka\u0159e prim\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, v\u010detn\u011b praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f pro d\u011bti a dorost, v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a ambulantn\u00edch gynekolog\u016f. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu je zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o z\u00e1va\u017enosti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch HPV a zd\u016fraznit v\u00fdznam o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 formy prevence,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed hygieni\u010dka a \u0159editelka SZ\u00da MUDr. Barbora Mackov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K p\u0159ijet\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho elimina\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu loni vyzvali vl\u00e1du sen\u00e1to\u0159i. \u201eNa\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdskyt HPV asociovan\u00fdch karcinom\u016f na minimum. D\u00edky o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159edejdeme zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm \u00famrt\u00edm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edme n\u00e1klady na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. \u010cVUT vloni nap\u0159\u00edklad spo\u010d\u00edtalo, \u017ee ji\u017e <\/em>sou\u010dasn\u00e1 m\u00edra proo\u010dkovanosti proti viru HPV <\/em>p\u0159inese v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednoho ro\u010dn\u00edku d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011bku
11\u201314 let, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed hrazeno, d<\/em>louhodob\u00e9 \u00faspory ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,2 miliardy korun, kter\u00e9 by jinak byly vynalo\u017eeny na l\u00e9\u010dbu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch t\u00edmto virem<\/em>,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed m\u00edstop\u0159edseda V\u00fdboru pro zdravotnictv\u00ed Sen\u00e1tu P\u010cR MUDr. Karel Zitterbart, Ph.D. (BEZPP za STAN), organiz\u00e1tor a moder\u00e1tor kulat\u00e9ho stolu s n\u00e1zvem Jak pokra\u010dujeme v \u010cR ve snaze vym\u00fdtit n\u00e1dory zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdm papilomavirem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV maj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b sen\u00e1tn\u00ed inciativy od ledna 2024 pln\u011b hrazeno ze zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u011bti od 11 let do dovr\u0161en\u00ed 15. narozenin. N\u00e1vrh pl\u00e1nu nyn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee by nav\u00edc m\u011bli b\u00fdt c\u00edlen\u011b doo\u010dkov\u00e1ni tak\u00e9 adolescenti a mlad\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed vakc\u00ednu proti HPV v minulosti nedostali, ale m\u011bli by z n\u00ed prosp\u011bch. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f to m\u016f\u017ee eliminaci HPV asociovan\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed urychlit a\u017e o n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eO\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti lidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru je ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed HPV onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Viry stoj\u00ed za vznikem drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla a 90 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f genit\u00e1ln\u00edch bradavic. Infekce m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st tak\u00e9 k rozvoji dal\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f rakovin, nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f \u0159itn\u00edho otvoru, pochvy \u010di zevn\u00edch rodidel. Zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit m\u016f\u017ee i polypy d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje MUDr. Hana Cabrnochov\u00e1, MBA, praktick\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka pro d\u011bti a dorost a m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 vakcinologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S HPV infekc\u00ed se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota setk\u00e1 a\u017e 80 % populace. L\u00e9ka\u0159i zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bli podstoupit nejen d\u00edvky, ale tak\u00e9 chlapci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di viru a mohou nakazit sv\u00e9 partnerky. Nav\u00edc mohou sami onemocn\u011bt, nap\u0159\u00edklad genit\u00e1ln\u00edmi bradavicemi nebo rakovinou \u0159itn\u00edho otvoru. \u201eBohu\u017eel se n\u00e1m n\u011bkdy st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee si rodi\u010de u zn\u00e1m\u00fdch nebo na internetu vyslechnou odm\u00edtav\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. V ordinaci pediatra pak vy\u010dk\u00e1vaj\u00ed, nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed si prostor na rozmy\u0161lenou, zda d\u00edt\u011b proti HPV nao\u010dkuj\u00ed, nebo ne. Na\u0161\u00ed \u00falohou v t\u00e9to situaci je d\u00e1t jim dostatek relevantn\u00edch informac\u00ed. Nov\u011b se n\u00e1m velmi osv\u011bd\u010dily jednoduch\u00e9 QR k\u00f3dy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i k dispozici. Rodi\u010de pod odkazem najdou \u0159adu materi\u00e1l\u016f, r\u016fzn\u00e1 edukativn\u00ed videa, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b se pak doma mohou v klidu rozhodnout,\u201c<\/em> popisuje MUDr. Cabrnochov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proo\u010dkovanost proti HPV se li\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d regiony. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed je situace ve Zl\u00ednsk\u00e9m kraji, kde je vakc\u00ednou chr\u00e1n\u011bno jen 63 % d\u00edvek a necel\u00fdch 36 % chlapc\u016f. Podobn\u00e1 je situace tak\u00e9 v Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji (65 % a 41 %) a na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b (65 % a 43 %). Naopak zku\u0161enosti jin\u00fdch okres\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad u d\u00edvek Jind\u0159ich\u016fv Hradec \u2013 85 %, Kutn\u00e1 Hora \u2013 79 %, Doma\u017elice \u2013 77 %) ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee c\u00edl 90% proo\u010dkovanosti nen\u00ed nere\u00e1ln\u00fd. \u201ePova\u017euji za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 budovat d\u016fv\u011bru mezi l\u00e9ka\u0159em a rodi\u010dem. Je pot\u0159eba spolu mluvit, neust\u00e1le vysv\u011btlovat rizika spojen\u00e1 s HPV infekc\u00ed a tak\u00e9 to, jak vakc\u00edna d\u00edt\u011b ochr\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160\u00ed\u0159it osv\u011btu o HPV onemocn\u011bn\u00edch pom\u00e1haj\u00ed i pacientsk\u00e9 organizace. \u201eSkute\u010dnost, \u017ee v \u010cesku st\u00e1le ka\u017ed\u00fd rok um\u00edr\u00e1 asi 300 \u017een na rakovinu d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla, ukazuje mimo jin\u00e9 na nedostate\u010dnou informovanost. V r\u00e1mci na\u0161eho spolku p\u0159ipravujeme r\u016fzn\u00e9 osv\u011btov\u00e9 kampan\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na \u017eeny i mu\u017ee, po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1me n\u011bkolik akc\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejnost \u010di odborn\u00edky a spolupracujeme tak\u00e9 se \u0161kolami. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017e\u00edme \u0161\u00ed\u0159it ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 informace na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, a motivovat tak lidi k prevenci,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Mgr. Petra Ad\u00e1mkov\u00e1, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b V\u00fdboru Hlasu onkologick\u00fdch pacient\u016f a \u0159editelka spole\u010dnosti ONKO Unie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed proo\u010dkovanosti a pos\u00edlen\u00ed osv\u011bty m\u016f\u017ee podle odborn\u00edk\u016f pomoci tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zapojen\u00ed \u017een do screeningu karcinomu d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla. C\u00edlem navrhovan\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu je dos\u00e1hnout jejich alespo\u0148 70% \u00fa\u010dasti na ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edm screeningov\u00e9m vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u gynekologa. \u017deny ve v\u011bku 35, 45 a 55 let mohou tak\u00e9 zdarma podstoupit HPV DNA test, kter\u00fd odhaluje p\u0159\u00edtomnost infekce HPV. Zku\u0161enosti jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u00edky p\u0159ijet\u00ed komplexn\u00edho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu je mo\u017en\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdskyt HPV asociovan\u00fdch karcinom\u016f na minimum. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Austr\u00e1lii vedlo zaveden\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9ho o\u010dkovac\u00edho programu proti HPV v kombinaci s vysoce nav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u00fdm screeningem d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla a dostupnou l\u00e9\u010dbou k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu poklesu v\u00fdskytu rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla a dal\u0161\u00edch HPV asociovan\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Podle odborn\u00fdch predikc\u00ed se tak do roku 2035 stane karcinom d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho hrdla v Austr\u00e1lii, jako prvn\u00ed zemi na sv\u011bt\u011b, vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 % d\u00edvek a v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % chlapc\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesku nao\u010dkov\u00e1no proti lidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru (HPV). Onemocn\u011bt tak mohou \u0159adou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch chorob, kter\u00e9 infekce […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56277"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56277\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}