{"id":56601,"date":"2025-04-22T17:50:42","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T15:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=56601"},"modified":"2025-04-22T17:50:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T15:50:43","slug":"lidem-s-tezkym-astmatem-pomohou-v-centrech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=56601","title":{"rendered":"Lidem s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem pomohou v centrech"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Praha, 22. dubna 2025 \u2013 Jako bych d\u00fdchal skrz br\u010dko. M\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee se top\u00edm, i kdy\u017e jsem na suchu. Na hrudn\u00edku m\u011b nesnesiteln\u011b t\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Jako bych b\u011b\u017eel maraton, i kdy\u017e sed\u00edm. M\u00e1m \u010derno p\u0159ed o\u010dima\u2026 T\u011bmito slovy popisuj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem chv\u00edle, kdy proch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00e1chvatem, tzv. exacerbac\u00ed. Nez\u0159\u00eddka pak kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0nemocnici. N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto stavy tis\u00edce dosp\u011bl\u00fdch a d\u011bt\u00ed a jejich po\u010det roste.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulevit jim m\u016f\u017ee biologick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba, k\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e se v\u0161ak dostanou pouze v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch centrech pro t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 astma<\/a>. Nyn\u00ed se v\u00a0t\u011bchto centrech l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed biologickou terapi\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 400 osob, jejich po\u010det by v\u0161ak mohl b\u00fdt a\u017e desetin\u00e1sobn\u00fd. L\u00e9ka\u0159i na to upozor\u0148uj\u00ed u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne astmatu, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 6. kv\u011btna.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eU pacient\u016f s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u010dast\u00fdm nebo siln\u00fdm astmatick\u00fdm z\u00e1chvat\u016fm, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed negativn\u00ed vliv na jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot. Tato forma nemoci obvykle neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, jako jsou inhala\u010dn\u00ed kortikosteroidy nebo bronchodilata\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ky,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed prof. MUDr.\u00a0Milan Sova, p\u0159ednosta Kliniky nemoc\u00ed plicn\u00edch a tuberkul\u00f3zy Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Brno. Podle odhad\u016f je\u00a0v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u00edce ne\u017e 800\u00a0000 astmatik\u016f, z\u00a0toho t\u011b\u017ekou formou trp\u00ed podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odhad\u016f a\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd des\u00e1t\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0za\u0159azen\u00ed t\u00ed\u017ee nemoci p\u011btistup\u0148ovou \u0161k\u00e1lu, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 astma zahrnuje pacienty ve stupni 4 a 5. U\u00a0nich se \u010dasto neda\u0159\u00ed dostat nemoc pod kontrolu, u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 d\u00e1vky inhala\u010dn\u00edch a or\u00e1ln\u00edch kortikosteroid\u016f a l\u00e9k\u016f na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016fdu\u0161ek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eVelk\u00e9 d\u00e1vky kortikosteroid\u016f prov\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159ada ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159\u00eddnut\u00ed kost\u00ed, cukrovka, oslaben\u00ed imunity nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko infekc\u00ed. Pacienti, u nich\u017e se neda\u0159\u00ed dostat astma pod kontrolu, by m\u011bli j\u00edt do jednoho z\u00a015 <\/em>n\u00e1rodn\u00edch center pro t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 astma<\/em><\/a>, kter\u00e1 jsou ve fakultn\u00edch nebo krajsk\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d republikou,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. Sova. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0t\u011bchto centrech se jim dostane komplexn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b terapie biologickou l\u00e9\u010dbou monoklon\u00e1ln\u00edmi protil\u00e1tkami. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 fakultn\u00ed nemocnici se s\u00a0astmatem l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 500 lid\u00ed. \u201eNa biologick\u00e9 terapii m\u00e1me 200 pacient\u016f. Po\u010det exacerbac\u00ed u nich poklesl a\u017e o 80 %, co\u017e se pozitivn\u011b odrazilo na kvalit\u011b jejich \u017eivota. L\u00e9ky si pacienti aplikuj\u00ed doma injekc\u00ed do podko\u017e\u00ed a k n\u00e1m jezd\u00ed na kontroly jednou za 3 a\u017e 4 m\u011bs\u00edce,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. Sova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle doc. MUDr. Jakuba Novosada, Ph.D., z \u00dastavu klinick\u00e9 imunologie a alergologie ve FN Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i za dostate\u010dn\u00e9, pokud akutn\u00ed z\u00e1chvaty klesnou minim\u00e1ln\u011b o 50 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eVe v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se da\u0159\u00ed m\u00edt t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 astma pod kontrolou i ve chv\u00edli, kdy je pacient v p\u00e9\u010di ambulantn\u00edho specialisty.<\/em> Jakmile v\u0161ak l\u00e9\u010dba za\u010dne zahrnovat vysok\u00e9 d\u00e1vky kortikoid\u016f pod\u00e1van\u00fdch ve form\u011b tablet, je to jasn\u00fd sign\u00e1l, \u017ee by m\u011bl l\u00e9ka\u0159 poslat sv\u00e9ho pacienta do specializovan\u00e9ho centra,\u201c <\/em>dod\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. Sova. Ne v\u017edy se to ale d\u011bje. \u201eZ dostupn\u00fdch dat vyvozujeme, \u017ee a\u017e 15 tis\u00edc nemocn\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vhodn\u00fdch k nasazen\u00ed biologick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby. Posledn\u00ed data z roku 2023 nav\u00edc ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee 57,8 % center nevn\u00edm\u00e1 svou kapacitu jako vy\u010derpanou,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. Novosad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi typick\u00e9 projevy astmatu pat\u0159\u00ed s\u00edpot a p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed, nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1dech i v\u00fddech stoj\u00ed jedince obrovsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. \u010cast\u00e9 ka\u0161l\u00e1n\u00ed, rychl\u00e1 \u00fanava p\u0159i fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1maze, nap\u011bt\u00ed na hrudi. Astma tak\u00e9 \u010dasto prov\u00e1z\u00ed nekvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek \u2013 v noci se nemocn\u00ed bud\u00ed kv\u016fli ka\u0161li nebo pocitu du\u0161nosti. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed sp\u00ed v polosed\u011b, aby se jim l\u00e9pe d\u00fdchalo. Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f prov\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1chvaty obvykle panika a \u00fazkost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O astmatu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astma je chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. M\u016f\u017ee vzniknout v kter\u00e9mkoli v\u011bku, ale nej\u010dast\u011bji propuk\u00e1 ji\u017e v d\u011btstv\u00ed v r\u00e1mci tzv. atopick\u00e9ho pochodu. Typick\u00e9 jsou opakovan\u00e9 akutn\u00ed stavy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fddechov\u00e9 du\u0161nosti, prov\u00e1zen\u00e9 p\u00edskotem na hrudn\u00edku, pocitem sev\u0159en\u00ed \u010di t\u00edhy na hrudi, dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fdm ka\u0161lem, kter\u00fd n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dominuj\u00edc\u00edm nebo i jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznakem. Tyto pot\u00ed\u017ee se \u010dasto objevuj\u00ed v noci nebo nad r\u00e1nem. Celosv\u011btov\u00fd po\u010det astmatik\u016f je odhadov\u00e1n na v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 milion\u016f. Za posledn\u00edch 20 let doch\u00e1z\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u011b k n\u00e1r\u016fstu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u d\u011bt\u00ed a mladistv\u00fdch, a astma se st\u00e1v\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm chronick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm d\u011btsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Tento trend je patrn\u00fd i v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Astma nelze zcela vyl\u00e9\u010dit, je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 je dostat pod kontrolu. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed astma v drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f zvl\u00e1dat ambulantn\u011b. Nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e9 astma vede k trval\u00e9mu a nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed plic, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161uje kvalitu \u017eivota pacienta. O nemocn\u00e9 s astmatem se v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice staraj\u00ed pneumologov\u00e9 a alergologov\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Praha, 22. dubna 2025 \u2013 Jako bych d\u00fdchal skrz br\u010dko. M\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee se top\u00edm, i kdy\u017e jsem na suchu. Na hrudn\u00edku m\u011b nesnesiteln\u011b t\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56601"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56601\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}