Meningokokov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se podle p\u0159ednosty pra\u017esk\u00e9 Kliniky infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed a cestovn\u00ed medic\u00edny Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Motol Milana Troj\u00e1nka lid\u00e9 nemusej\u00ed ob\u00e1vat. Infekci vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 bakterie vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v nosohltanu lid\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pronikne p\u0159es bari\u00e9ry jen u minima z nich. Ve\u0159ejnost nemus\u00ed m\u00edt strach ze \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci ani v souvislosti s aktu\u00e1ln\u011b hospitalizovan\u00fdm pacientem v motolsk\u00e9 nemocnici. \u201eJednozna\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme uklidnit populaci, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 riziko nehroz\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 infektolog v rozhovoru pro Den\u00edk.cz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9dia v\u010detn\u011b Den\u00edku informovala o tom, \u017ee v Roztok\u00e1ch u Prahy bylo podez\u0159en\u00ed na meningitidu u zahrani\u010dn\u00edch student\u016f z tamn\u00ed koleje, ale nakonec se neprok\u00e1zalo. Nez\u00e1visle na tom ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed pozd\u011bji vydalo tiskovou zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee v Motole je jeden \u010dlov\u011bk s meningokokem hospitalizov\u00e1n, nemocnice p\u0159ijala mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed v \u010cesku ohro\u017eeno nen\u00ed. Nen\u00ed tedy t\u0159eba ob\u00e1vat se \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ur\u010dit\u011b ne. Jednozna\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme uklidnit populaci, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 riziko nehroz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Objevuj\u00ed se i zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee jde o stra\u0161\u00e1ka podobn\u00e9ho s\u00edle eboly. To m\u016f\u017eete vylou\u010dit?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To je naprost\u00fd nesmysl. Z hlediska rizika mezilidsk\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu, samotn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodce onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a dostupnosti l\u00e9\u010dby se jedn\u00e1 o zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 infekce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mnoz\u00ed v souvislosti s nepotvrzen\u00fdm podez\u0159en\u00edm v Roztok\u00e1ch psali konkr\u00e9tn\u011b o meningitid\u011b B. \u010c\u00edm to vzniklo?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To r\u00e1d vysv\u011btl\u00edm. Meningokok m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik typ\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v \u010cesku jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy B a C. Tak\u017ee n\u011bkdo asi ud\u011blal zkratku a \u0159ekl, \u017ee je to podez\u0159en\u00ed na meningitidu B. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typ ale ani u potvrzen\u00e9 meningokokov\u00e9 infekce neb\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u00fd hned, to v\u017edy potvrd\u00ed a\u017e podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak se meningokokov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed projevuje?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jedn\u00e1 se o infekci, kterou vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 bakterie vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v nosohltanu lid\u00ed. Pouze u nepatrn\u00e9ho procenta lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se s n\u00ed setkaj\u00ed, dojde k tomu, \u017ee vyvol\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00fd z projev\u016f takzvan\u00e9ho invazivn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kdy bakterie pronikne p\u0159es ochrann\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry t\u011bla a zp\u016fsob\u00ed bu\u010f otravu krve, z\u00e1n\u011bt mozkov\u00fdch blan, nebo kombinaci oboj\u00edho, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b n\u011bjakou atypickou formu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se ale o relativn\u011b vz\u00e1cnou infekci. Ro\u010dn\u011b m\u00e1me v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jednotky a\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 des\u00edtky naka\u017een\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdo pat\u0159\u00ed mezi rizikov\u00e9 skupiny?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bji posti\u017een\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed kojenci, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b d\u011bti v n\u00edzk\u00fdch v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. O n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je u adolescent\u016f, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b i u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch \u010di osob s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi poruchami imunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Co m\u016f\u017ee upozornit na to, \u017ee u \u010dlov\u011bka mohla propuknout infekce?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b otravy krve, kterou meningokok m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat, se \u010dlov\u011bku rozvine hore\u010dka. Tento hore\u010dnat\u00fd stav, kter\u00fd je n\u011bkdy doprov\u00e1zen zimnic\u00ed, t\u0159esem a celkovou slabost\u00ed, lze od jin\u00fdch infekc\u00ed odli\u0161it t\u00edm, \u017ee se na k\u016f\u017ei objev\u00ed drobn\u00e9 skvrnky, co\u017e jsou zn\u00e1mky po krv\u00e1cen\u00ed do k\u016f\u017ee, odborn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 petechie. Na to se zam\u011b\u0159uje l\u00e9ka\u0159 p\u0159i klinick\u00e9m vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A kdy\u017e se u infekce projev\u00ed v podob\u011b z\u00e1n\u011btu mozkov\u00fdch blan?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se u \u010dlov\u011bka vedle hore\u010dky objev\u00ed i intenzivn\u00ed bolest hlavy, kter\u00e1 je doprov\u00e1zena zvracen\u00edm, sv\u011btloplachost\u00ed a u n\u011bkter\u00fdch pacient\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rozvoji poruchy v\u011bdom\u00ed nebo neurologick\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak lze meningokokov\u00e9 infekce l\u00e9\u010dit?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dan\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed um\u00edme dob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010dit b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi antibiotiky. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ale je zah\u00e1jit l\u00e9\u010dbu v\u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud se n\u011bkdo nakaz\u00ed, jak rychle se infekce \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak u\u017e jsem uvedl, dan\u00e1 bakterie se vyskytuje v nosohltanu lid\u00ed a pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st populace m\u016f\u017ee meningokoka v krku m\u00edt. Mezi lidmi se nej\u010dast\u011bji \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed kap\u00e9nkami, u naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed to ale nezp\u016fsob\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 symptomy a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 kmeny meningokoka mohou b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i p\u0159irozen\u00e9 mikrofl\u00f3ry nosohltanu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meningokokov\u00e9 infekci lze p\u0159edch\u00e1zet o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ano, k dispozici jsou vakc\u00edny proti typ\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji. Ve vybran\u00fdch v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch u d\u011bt\u00ed (do dovr\u0161en\u00ed roku \u017eivota a mezi 14 a\u017e 16 lety – pozn. red.) je toto o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed pln\u011b hrazeno z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. O\u010dkovat se ale mohou i dal\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9. V \u010cesku m\u00e1me vakc\u00edny k dispozici. Mezi rizikov\u00e9 skupiny pat\u0159\u00ed t\u0159eba cestovatel\u00e9 \u010di studenti, kte\u0159\u00ed jedou n\u011bkam na st\u00e1\u017e nebo jsou na kolej\u00edch. O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed lze domluvit u praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo v o\u010dkovac\u00edch centrech. Zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny na n\u011bj p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed z fond\u016f prevence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Andrea Cerqueirov\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Den\u00edk.cz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Meningokokov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se podle p\u0159ednosty pra\u017esk\u00e9 Kliniky infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed a cestovn\u00ed medic\u00edny Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Motol Milana Troj\u00e1nka lid\u00e9 nemusej\u00ed ob\u00e1vat. Infekci vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 bakterie vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":56606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59523"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59523\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/56606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}