Nikdy nekon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed boj nebo sisyfovsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce \u2013 i takhle naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i z\u00e1pas s
antibiotickou rezistenc\u00ed. Jakmile se toti\u017e objev\u00ed nov\u00e1 antibiotika, za\u010dnou bakterie okam\u017eit\u011b
\u201evym\u00fd\u0161let\u201c, jak se jim ubr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odolnost bakteri\u00ed proti antibiotik\u016fm bude jedn\u00edm z hork\u00fdch t\u00e9mat leto\u0161n\u00edho Kongresu klinick\u00e9 mikrobiologie, infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed a epidemiologie (KMINE), kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tento \u010dtvrtek. L\u00e9ka\u0159i zde p\u0159edstav\u00ed zbrusu nov\u00e9 antibiotick\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly na \u201evychytral\u00e9\u201c a odoln\u00e9 bakterie vyzr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eKv\u016fli rezistenci um\u00edraj\u00ed stovky \u010cech\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Je to obrovsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m, se kter\u00fdm se pot\u00fdk\u00e1me
\u0159adu let, a rozhodn\u011b se ner\u00fdsuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V podstat\u011b je to z\u00e1vod s \u010dasem, kdy
se bakterie vymezuj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di dal\u0161\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm antibiotik\u016fm a v\u011bdci se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt s nov\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi
l\u00e9ky. Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me k dispozici n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch rezervn\u00edch antibiotik a na kongresu budeme
diskutovat, u koho a v jak\u00e9 situaci je nasazovat. Jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 a mus\u00edme s nimi \u0161et\u0159it na obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b
t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Pavel Dlouh\u00fd, p\u0159edseda Spole\u010dnosti infek\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed \u010cLS JEP.
V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se podle n\u011bj st\u00e1le u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zbyte\u010dn\u011b moc antibiotik. \u201eZat\u00edmco v seversk\u00fdch
zem\u00edch berou lid\u00e9 l\u00e9ky st\u0159\u00eddm\u011b a v\u00fdskyt odoln\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed je tak n\u00edzk\u00fd, tady tomu tak bohu\u017eel
nen\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u2013 nasazov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f i na nemoci, kter\u00e9 by se daly zvl\u00e1dnout bez nich, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed
\u0161irokospektr\u00fdch antibiotik tam, kde by bylo lep\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1t c\u00edlen\u00e1. Typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy podle MUDr.
Dlouh\u00e9ho doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik, jsou hore\u010dky, z\u00e1n\u011bty nosohltanu nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty
mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest. \u201eZv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 CRP nen\u00ed d\u016fvodem pro nasazen\u00ed antibiotik, ne ka\u017edou bakterii mus\u00edme
l\u00e9\u010dit. A kdy\u017e u\u017e antibiotika nasazujeme, tak l\u00e9pe z\u00e1kladn\u00ed, ne \u0161irokospektr\u00e1. Ta vyb\u00edj\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed
mikrofl\u00f3ru a n\u011bkdy pacientovi u\u0161kod\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed nemoc,\u201c pokra\u010duje MUDr. Dlouh\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Antibiotika toti\u017e ni\u010d\u00ed i p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 bakterie ve st\u0159evech. \u201eUmo\u017en\u00ed tak, aby se p\u0159emno\u017eil druh, kter\u00fd
produkuje toxiny a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 siln\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159eva \u2013 klostridiovou kolitidu. Lid\u00e9 kon\u010d\u00ed se siln\u00fdmi
pr\u016fjmy v nemocnici a nez\u0159\u00eddka takov\u00e9 stavy kon\u010d\u00ed fat\u00e1ln\u011b,\u201c vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Marek \u0160tefan, MBA,
z Kliniky infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed a cestovn\u00ed medic\u00edny 2. LF UK a FN Motol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dopady antibiotick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby na mikrobiom \u010dlov\u011bka budou infektologov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it tak\u00e9 na kongresu v Hradci. \u201eV\u00edme nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee del\u0161\u00ed antibiotick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b nemaj\u00ed mikrobiom zcela vyvinut\u00fd, v dosp\u011blosti zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku alergi\u00ed, autoimunitn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed i obezity,\u201c zmi\u0148uje MUDr. \u0160tefan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tomu, aby se l\u00e9ky v ambulanc\u00edch nenasazovaly a neu\u017e\u00edvaly bezhlav\u011b, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed podle infektolog\u016f
nap\u0159\u00edklad PCR testy. \u201eTy jsme si vyzkou\u0161eli v dob\u011b covidu. D\u00edky PCR test\u016fm jsme schopni poznat
i b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed \u010di kostn\u00ed infekce, z\u00e1paly plic, mozkov\u00fdch blan a \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch infekc\u00ed. Test um\u00ed odhalit a\u017e
25 vir\u016f, bakteri\u00ed, pl\u00edsn\u00ed \u2013 zkr\u00e1tka za 2\u20133 hodiny zn\u00e1me p\u016fvodce nemoci pacienta,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed
MUDr. Dlouh\u00fd. \u201eP\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vysok\u00e1 cena PCR test\u016f, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me je proto s rozmyslem a
tam u z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stav\u016f, kdy je v\u010dasn\u00e1 c\u00edlen\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aby sn\u00ed\u017eili spot\u0159ebu antibiotik, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed specialist\u00e9 na infekce doporu\u010den\u00e9 postupy. Ty rad\u00ed
nap\u0159\u00edklad ambulantn\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm, v jak\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech jak\u00e1 antibiotika nasadit. \u201eVych\u00e1z\u00edme
z definice Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace, kter\u00e1 antibiotika d\u011bl\u00ed na t\u0159i skupiny: dostupn\u00e9,
vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 infekce typu z\u00e1n\u011bt mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e nebo bronchitidy. Druh\u00e9, kter\u00e9 je
vhodn\u00e9 d\u00e1vat s opatrnost\u00ed, a t\u0159et\u00ed skupinou jsou rezervn\u00ed, ty se pova\u017euj\u00ed za l\u00e9ky posledn\u00ed
instance. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee antibiotick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nezbytn\u00e1, kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, \u00fadern\u00e1 a p\u0159esn\u011b zac\u00edlen\u00e1,\u201c
dod\u00e1v\u00e1 MUDr. \u0160tefan. Vyzdvihuje p\u0159itom spolupr\u00e1ci s klinick\u00fdmi farmaceuty v nemocnic\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed
jsou schopni zjistit koncentraci antibiotik v krvi pacient\u016f a nad\u00e1vkovat l\u00e9ky tak, aby zabraly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nikdy nekon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed boj nebo sisyfovsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce \u2013 i takhle naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i z\u00e1pas santibiotickou rezistenc\u00ed. Jakmile se toti\u017e objev\u00ed nov\u00e1 antibiotika, za\u010dnou bakterie okam\u017eit\u011b\u201evym\u00fd\u0161let\u201c, jak se […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":56230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60726\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/56230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=60726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=60726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}