Ro\u010dn\u011b na n\u011bj v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce lid\u00ed zem\u0159e
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Praha, 29. 9. 2025 \u2013 Ka\u0161el, hore\u010dka, schv\u00e1cenost, n\u011bkdy i bolest na hrudi \u2013 to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee
znamenat z\u00e1pal plic, odborn\u011b zvan\u00fd komunitn\u00ed pneumonie (CAP). Jen v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice j\u00edm
ro\u010dn\u011b onemocn\u00ed 115\u2013120 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed a v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce z nich kv\u016fli n\u011bmu zem\u0159e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee jde o jedno z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch infek\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest, mnoho pacient\u016f
podce\u0148uje prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky a k l\u00e9ka\u0159i p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pozd\u011b. Odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u010dasn\u00e1
diagnostika a nasazen\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby z\u00e1sadn\u011b zlep\u0161uje progn\u00f3zu nemocn\u00fdch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e9matu se budou v\u011bnovat i odborn\u00edci na XXXIII. moravskoslezsk\u00fdch pneumologick\u00fdch dnech, kter\u00e9
startuj\u00ed tento p\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eKomunitn\u00ed pneumonie je z\u00e1n\u011bt plic, kter\u00fdm se lid\u00e9 nakaz\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 doma,
v obchod\u011b, v kin\u011b, na koncert\u011b nebo t\u0159eba v n\u00e1kupn\u00edm st\u0159edisku. Nejde tedy o nemoc
z\u00edskanou ve zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch (v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hovo\u0159\u00edme o nozokomi\u00e1ln\u00ed pneumonii),
ale v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b,\u201c vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Petr Jakubec, p\u0159ednosta Kliniky plicn\u00edch
nemoc\u00ed a tuberkul\u00f3zy Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Olomouc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed kap\u00e9nkami. \u201eBakterie jsou v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s, a kdy\u017e je vdechneme,
m\u016f\u017ee se nemoc rozvinout. Neznamen\u00e1 to ale, \u017ee onemocn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd \u2013 \u010dasto k tomu mus\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bt
oslaben\u00ed organismu, \u00fanava, stres nebo p\u0159\u00edtomnost jin\u00e9 chronick\u00e9 nemoci,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pat\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1pal plic k velmi \u010dast\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, s ro\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdskytem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b
115\u2013120 tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se objevuje v podzimn\u00edch a zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, kdy lid\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u00ed
v\u00edce \u010dasu v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch a jejich imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je oslaben\u00fd. Komunitn\u00ed pneumonie
se m\u016f\u017ee objevit u kohokoliv, nejv\u00edce v\u0161ak ohro\u017euje star\u0161\u00ed osoby a chronicky nemocn\u00e9
pacienty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eNad 65 let prudce stoup\u00e1 riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, nad 75 let je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bji a pacienti
nad 85 let jsou ohro\u017eeni nejv\u00edce. Rizikovou skupinou jsou i lid\u00e9 s chronick\u00fdmi nemocemi srdce,
plic, ledvin \u010di s cukrovkou a pacienti s oslabenou imunitou \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad po transplantaci,
s n\u00e1dory nebo autoimunitn\u00edmi nemocemi,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Jakubec. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi typick\u00e9 projevy komunitn\u00ed pneumonie pat\u0159\u00ed hore\u010dka, ka\u0161el (such\u00fd nebo s vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm hlenu, n\u011bkdy i krve), bolest na hrudi, du\u0161nost a celkov\u00e1 schv\u00e1cenost. \u201eAbychom mohli \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee pacient m\u00e1 z\u00e1pal
plic, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomny klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky a na rentgenov\u00e9m sn\u00edmku hrudn\u00edku tak\u00e9 jasn\u00e9
zm\u011bny. Pokud m\u00e1 pacient jen hore\u010dku a ka\u0161el, ale rentgen je \u010dist\u00fd, jde o z\u00e1n\u011bt pr\u016fdu\u0161ek,
nikoliv plic,\u201c vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Jakubec. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed lze \u010dasto odhalit i v ordinaci praktick\u00e9ho
l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kde typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky \u010dasto dopl\u0148uje poslechov\u00fd n\u00e1lez nad posti\u017eenou oblast\u00ed plic,
zachytiteln\u00fd pomoc\u00ed fonendoskopu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1kladem l\u00e9\u010dby je antibiotick\u00e1 terapie. \u201eU dosp\u011bl\u00fdch pacient\u016f jde nej\u010dast\u011bji o bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed
z\u00e1n\u011bty, proto nasazujeme antibiotika. U d\u011bt\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00e1paly plic \u010dasto virov\u00e9, a tam je l\u00e9\u010dba
sp\u00ed\u0161e podp\u016frn\u00e1 \u2013 kapa\u010dky, l\u00e9ky proti hore\u010dce, proti ka\u0161li a podobn\u011b, proto\u017ee jen proti mal\u00e9mu
po\u010dtu vir\u016f existuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 protivirov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba,\u201c vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Jakubec. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u016fb\u011bh a zp\u016fsob l\u00e9\u010dby z\u00e1vis\u00ed na z\u00e1va\u017enosti stavu pacienta. Zat\u00edmco mlad\u0161\u00ed a jinak zdrav\u00ed lid\u00e9 s m\u00edrn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky se mohou l\u00e9\u010dit v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, star\u0161\u00ed pacienti s v\u00edce chronick\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi, velk\u00fdmi
obt\u00ed\u017eemi nap\u0159. s n\u00edzk\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem nebo nedostatkem kysl\u00edku v krvi, zpravidla vy\u017eaduj\u00ed
hospitalizaci a komplexn\u00ed nemocni\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, v\u010detn\u011b nitro\u017eiln\u00edho pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech se p\u0159\u00edstup k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed v d\u016fsledku nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed rezistence bakteri\u00ed na
n\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 antibiotick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky. \u201eN\u011bkter\u00e1 antibiotika, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159ed lety
\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, u\u017e dnes na ur\u010dit\u00e9 p\u016fvodce nezab\u00edraj\u00ed. Proto do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b doporu\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f.
Zm\u011bnila se volba antibiotik, aby byla l\u00e9\u010dba co nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Jakubec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee je z\u00e1pal plic l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch infekc\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest.
\u201eObecn\u011b na z\u00e1pal plic v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice um\u00edr\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b kolem 2 000\u20132 300 lid\u00ed. Jsou to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm
senio\u0159i a lid\u00e9 s dal\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi nemocemi,\u201c shrnuje MUDr. Jakubec. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bez v\u010dasn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby m\u016f\u017ee komunitn\u00ed pneumonie v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed plicn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, vznik hnisav\u00fdch dutin v plic\u00edch, z\u00e1n\u011bt pohrudnice nebo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed infekce do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu,
tedy sepse. \u201eTyto stavy mohou b\u00fdt \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed a pacienti pak vy\u017eaduj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di,\u201c
uzav\u00edr\u00e1 MUDr. Jakubec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O komunitn\u00ed pneumonii
Komunitn\u00ed pneumonie (CAP) je infek\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt plicn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 mimo zdravotnick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.
P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se kap\u00e9nkovou cestou a nej\u010dast\u011bji m\u00e1 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fvod. Typick\u00fdmi projevy jsou hore\u010dka,
ka\u0161el, du\u0161nost, \u00fanava a bolesti na hrudi. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se ro\u010dn\u011b vyskytuje 115\u2013120 tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f,
p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce pacient\u016f na n\u00e1sledky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zem\u0159e. Nejv\u00edce ohro\u017eeni
jsou senio\u0159i a pacienti s chronick\u00fdmi chorobami nebo oslabenou imunitou. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ro\u010dn\u011b na n\u011bj v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce lid\u00ed zem\u0159e Praha, 29. 9. 2025 \u2013 Ka\u0161el, hore\u010dka, schv\u00e1cenost, n\u011bkdy i bolest na hrudi \u2013 to v\u0161e […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60964\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=60964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=60964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}