{"id":61151,"date":"2025-10-09T23:21:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T21:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=61151"},"modified":"2025-10-10T09:45:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T07:45:54","slug":"umela-inteligence-odhali-nemoc-sitnice-drive-nez-se-projevi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=61151","title":{"rendered":"Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence odhal\u00ed nemoc s\u00edtnice d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se projev\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Praha, 7. 10. 2025 \u2013 Nemoci s\u00edtnice se \u010dasto rozv\u00edjej\u00ed ti\u0161e a bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed a mohou v\u00e9st a\u017e k\u00a0praktick\u00e9 slepot\u011b. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se projevuj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00fdm poklesem zrakov\u00e9 ostrosti, poruchami barevn\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed, zvln\u011bn\u00fdmi liniemi a v\u00a0pokro\u010dil\u00e9 f\u00e1zi tak\u00e9 tmav\u00fdmi skvrnami nebo slep\u00fdm bodem uprost\u0159ed zorn\u00e9ho pole. Pokud se poda\u0159\u00ed odhalit nemoc na za\u010d\u00e1tku, je mo\u017en\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nit z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f kontroluj\u00ed pravideln\u011b s\u00edtnice sv\u00fdch pacient\u016f tak\u00e9 diabetologov\u00e9. Cukrovka je toti\u017e jedn\u00edm z\u00a0rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f pro posti\u017een\u00ed s\u00edtnice a zrakov\u00e9ho nervu. S\u00a0o\u010dn\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm pom\u00e1h\u00e1 diabetolog\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstroj vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed um\u011blou inteligenci. Dok\u00e1\u017ee nemoc odhalit d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se projev\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci na t\u00e9ma upozor\u0148uj\u00ed u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne zraku, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 9. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00edtnice je tenk\u00e1 vrstva nervov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b oka. Obsahuje miliony sv\u011btlo\u010divn\u00fdch bun\u011bk v\u00a0podob\u011b ty\u010dinek a \u010d\u00edpk\u016f, kter\u00e9 zachycuj\u00ed sv\u011btlo a m\u011bn\u00ed jej na elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Ty putuj\u00ed p\u0159es zrakov\u00fd nerv do mozku, kde slo\u017e\u00ed dohromady obraz. Za po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edtnice m\u016f\u017ee nej\u010dast\u011bji st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, genetika, \u00farazy, \u0161patn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 choroby jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad cukrovka. Mezi nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nemoci s\u00edtnice pat\u0159\u00ed v\u011bkem podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace (VPMD) a diabetick\u00fd makul\u00e1rn\u00ed ed\u00e9m (DME), kter\u00fd je specifickou formou diabetick\u00e9 retinopatie (DR), je\u017e postihuje pacienty s\u00a0cukrovkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eJestli\u017ee maj\u00ed oba rodi\u010de VPMD, existuje 4\u00d7 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko, \u017ee nemoc postihne i jejich potomka. Nemoc napad\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st s\u00edtnice, takzvanou \u017elutou skvrnu, kter\u00e1 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro ostr\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk probl\u00e9my se \u010dten\u00edm, jako by m\u011bl \u0161pinav\u00e9 br\u00fdle. Postupn\u011b se mu neda\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00edst ani pomoc\u00ed lupy, vid\u00ed rozmazan\u011b, nerozpozn\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u011b barvy. P\u0159i pohledu na kachli\u010dky nebo \u017ealuzie se mu deformuj\u00ed rovn\u00e9 linie,\u201c<\/em>vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Daniela Vyslou\u017eilov\u00e1, prim\u00e1\u0159ka O\u010dn\u00ed kliniky Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Brno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odborn\u00edci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee VPMD postihuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u0161est\u00e9ho seniora nad 65 let, ale m\u016f\u017ee se objevit i u lid\u00ed po \u010dty\u0159ic\u00edtce. VPMD se vyskytuje ve dvou form\u00e1ch \u2013 such\u00e9 a vlhk\u00e9. Such\u00e1 forma je pozvoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v m\u00edrn\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch nemoci m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1. Bu\u0148k\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na s\u00edtnici, se p\u0159i n\u00ed nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 kysl\u00edku, a proto odum\u00edraj\u00ed. Pokud to trv\u00e1 dlouho, nemoc p\u0159ejde do pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1ze s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm centra s\u00edtnice nebo asi v 15 % do tzv. vlhk\u00e9 formy. P\u0159i n\u00ed si organismus v d\u016fsledku nedostatku kysl\u00edku vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pod s\u00edtnic\u00ed novotvo\u0159en\u00e9 c\u00e9vy. Jejich r\u016fstem do nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch m\u00edst a kv\u016fli jejich defektn\u00ed c\u00e9vn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b v\u0161ak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k destrukci centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti s\u00edtnice, kter\u00e1 je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro schopnost \u010d\u00edst text, rozezn\u00e1vat detaily a barvy. P\u0159i hojen\u00ed takto po\u0161kozen\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b pak vznik\u00e1 jizva, kter\u00e1 vede k trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u017elut\u00e9 skvrny. <\/em>Pacienti s pokro\u010dilou formou VPMD \u010dasto nezvl\u00e1dnou p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst ani nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsmena u o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e z mal\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Maj\u00ed sice zachov\u00e1no perifern\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed, ale nevid\u00ed to, co maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed sebou. Nedok\u00e1\u017eou se trefit kl\u00ed\u010dem do z\u00e1mku, \u010d\u00edst, \u0159\u00eddit auto a probl\u00e9m jim d\u011bl\u00e1 i ch\u016fze do schod\u016f a orientace v nezn\u00e1m\u00e9m prostoru, zkr\u00e1tka ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed sob\u011bsta\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st s\u00edtnice postihuje tak\u00e9 diabetick\u00e1 retinopatie (DR) a diabetick\u00fd makul\u00e1rn\u00ed ed\u00e9m (DME). Vznik\u00e1 v souvislosti s vysokou koncentrac\u00ed cukru v krvi, a postihuje proto pacienty s diabetem I. i II. typu. V \u010cesku trp\u00ed nemoc\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 000 diabetik\u016f. DME je podskupinou DR a m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vliv na zhor\u0161en\u00ed zrakov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed u diabetika. DME i VPMD se daj\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dit. L\u00e9ka\u0159i aplikuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do oka protil\u00e1tky proti r\u016fstov\u00fdm faktor\u016fm novotvo\u0159en\u00fdch c\u00e9v, kter\u00e9 zabra\u0148uj\u00ed tvorb\u011b ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch c\u00e9v, omezuj\u00ed v\u00fdskyt otok\u016f a sni\u017euj\u00ed tendence ke krv\u00e1cen\u00ed. S l\u00e9\u010dbou je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e dojde k nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edtnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do jejich ordinac\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dtvrtina pacient\u016f a\u017e ve chv\u00edli, kdy se onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice projev\u00ed na obou o\u010d\u00edch. Mnoz\u00ed si toti\u017e nev\u0161imnou, \u017ee na jedno oko vid\u00ed h\u016f\u0159. A\u017e p\u0159i n\u00e1hodn\u00e9m zakryt\u00ed jednoho oka zjist\u00ed, \u017ee druh\u00e9 nefunguje spr\u00e1vn\u011b. \u201e\u010casto k n\u00e1m p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed pacienti, kte\u0159\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se jim zhor\u0161il zrak a pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed jen siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed br\u00fdle. Jin\u00ed si zase mysl\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal. Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak odhal\u00ed probl\u00e9m na s\u00edtnici. Z\u00e1chytu diabetick\u00e9 retinopatie \u010di DME u diabetick\u00fdch pacient\u016f nav\u00edc pom\u00e1h\u00e1 screening, kter\u00fd zahrnuje pravideln\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky u o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Pro VPMD zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd z\u00e1chyt \u010dasn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed nemoci nefunguje, pacienti p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed a\u017e ve chv\u00edli, kdy se jim zhor\u0161\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 funkce,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 MUDr. Pavel N\u011bmec, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159editel s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Lexum a prezident \u010cesk\u00e9 vitreoretin\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zachytit nemoc v\u010das m\u00e1 pomoci mobiln\u00ed ambulance, kter\u00e1 bude v\u017edy jednu \u0159\u00edjnovou sobotu\u00a0k dispozici v\u00a0Brn\u011b, Plzni a \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch. Kontrolu zraku v\u00a0mobiln\u00edch ambulanc\u00edch organizuje spole\u010dnost Roche s\u00a0odbornou podporou \u010cesk\u00e9 oftalmologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a \u010cesk\u00e9 vitreoretin\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Z\u00e1jemci si zde budou moci nechat zdarma a bezbolestn\u011b zkontrolovat s\u00edtnici pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje Aireen vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed AI. Loni p\u0159i\u0161lo na podobnou akci do Olomouce celkem 148 lid\u00ed. U 32 z\u00a0nich zaznamenali l\u00e9ka\u0159i p\u0159\u00edznaky VPMD, dal\u0161\u00edch 8 pak m\u011blo na s\u00edtnici zn\u00e1mky diabetick\u00e9 retinopatie, jej\u00ed\u017e komplikac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozvoj DME.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f a velmi dob\u0159e vytr\u00e9novan\u00e9ho AI softwaru dok\u00e1\u017eeme zachytit drobn\u00e9 zm\u011bny na s\u00edtnici. Aireen um\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika vte\u0159in sn\u00edmky zanalyzovat a\u00a0vyhodnotit, zda jsou na s\u00edtnici p\u0159\u00edtomny znaky VPMD \u010di DME,\u201c <\/em>up\u0159es\u0148uje Ji\u0159\u00ed Kuchy\u0148a, \u0161\u00e9f projektu Aireen. Cel\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 neinvazivn\u00ed formou, tedy bez rozkap\u00e1n\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed. Na m\u00edst\u011b budou tak\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i, se kter\u00fdmi bude mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed rovnou konzultovat. P\u0159\u00edstroj vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed AI maj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch ordinac\u00edch u\u017e i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed diabetologov\u00e9. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jim rychle vyhodnotit, zda se u jejich pacient\u016f nerozv\u00edj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky DR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky VPMD i DME dok\u00e1\u017ee spolehliv\u011b odhalit tak\u00e9 jednoduch\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed test, kter\u00fd se prov\u00e1d\u00ed za pomoci tzv. Amslerovy m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky. Jde o jednoduchou \u010dtvercovou s\u00ed\u0165, uprost\u0159ed kter\u00e9 je vyzna\u010den\u00fd jeden bod. P\u0159i pozorn\u00e9m pohledu na m\u0159\u00ed\u017eku a zaost\u0159en\u00edm na prost\u0159edn\u00ed bod by m\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk vid\u011bt v\u017edy celou m\u0159\u00ed\u017eku, ani\u017e by se jej\u00ed linky jakkoliv deformovaly. Test je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt ka\u017ed\u00fdm okem zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. M\u0159\u00ed\u017eka je snadno dostupn\u00e1 zdarma na www.chcividet.cz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Praha, 7. 10. 2025 \u2013 Nemoci s\u00edtnice se \u010dasto rozv\u00edjej\u00ed ti\u0161e a bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed a mohou v\u00e9st a\u017e k\u00a0praktick\u00e9 slepot\u011b. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se projevuj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00fdm poklesem […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61151"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61151\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}