{"id":61788,"date":"2025-11-11T18:17:41","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T17:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=61788"},"modified":"2025-11-11T18:17:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T17:17:50","slug":"tezky-zapal-plic-ohrozuje-cukrovkare-kardiaky-i-astmatiky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=61788","title":{"rendered":"T\u011b\u017ek\u00fd z\u00e1pal plic ohro\u017euje cukrovk\u00e1\u0159e, kardiaky i astmatiky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Po\u010det invazivn\u00edch pneumokokov\u00fdch infekc\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1pal plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt mozkov\u00fdch blan nebo celkov\u00e1 otrava organismu mohou m\u00edt spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodce \u2013 pneumokokovou infekci. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 bakterie ohro\u017euje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011bti, seniory a chronicky nemocn\u00e9. P\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 nemocn\u00fdch v\u00a0produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku, co\u017e zat\u011b\u017euje ekonomiku. \u00da\u010dinnou ochranu p\u0159edstavuje o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, proo\u010dkovanost v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je ale st\u00e1le n\u00edzk\u00e1, a to i p\u0159es dostupnost vakc\u00edn specificky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na dosp\u011bl\u00e9. U osob nad 65 let dos\u00e1hla v\u00a0roce 2024 pouze 27,1 %. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pneumokokov\u00e1 infekce se \u010dasto rozv\u00edj\u00ed jako komplikace p\u0159i\u00a0ch\u0159ipce, covidu a dal\u0161\u00edch virov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch. Odborn\u00edci na situaci upozor\u0148uj\u00ed u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne pneumoni\u00ed, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 12. listopadu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu<\/a> l\u00e9ka\u0159i loni zaznamenali 608 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f invazivn\u00edch pneumokokov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (IPO), co\u017e je o 100 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 2023. Zem\u0159el na n\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161est\u00fd pacient. Pokud bakterie pneumokoka proniknou do \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla, kde se b\u011b\u017en\u011b nenach\u00e1z\u00ed, mohou zp\u016fsobit invazivn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1n\u011bt mozkov\u00fdch blan nebo otravu krve. Mezi neinvazivn\u00ed nemoci pak pat\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha nebo dutin. Jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem pneumokokov\u00e9 infekce je z\u00e1pal plic, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt jak invazivn\u00ed, tak neinvazivn\u00ed formu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> \u201ePneumokok se vyskytuje b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho roku, \u010dasto je spojen s virov\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest, jako je covid-19, ch\u0159ipka nebo RS virus, na kter\u00e9 tzv. nased\u00e1. V takov\u00fdchto p\u0159\u00edpadech hroz\u00ed riziko t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho z\u00e1palu plic nebo otravy krve. Pacienti mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hospitalizov\u00e1ni a mohou i zem\u0159\u00edt,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prim. MUDr. Hana Roh\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, Ph.D., z Kliniky infek\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Bulovka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m z\u00e1palu plic m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k po\u0161kozen\u00ed org\u00e1nu a pacienti se pak pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s dechov\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi, sn\u00ed\u017eenou fyzickou v\u00fdkonnost\u00ed a jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k opakovan\u00fdm infekc\u00edm plic. Pneumokok\u016fm se p\u0159itom t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nelze vyhnout \u2013 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se kap\u00e9nkami p\u0159i ka\u0161li, k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, mluven\u00ed a bl\u00edzk\u00e9m kontaktu. V\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed hroz\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011btem, senior\u016fm a chronicky nemocn\u00fdm pacient\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemocn\u00fdch v\u0161ak v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 i ve v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b 40\u201364 let, kde minul\u00fd rok odborn\u00edci zaznamenali 221 nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f IPO. Pr\u00e1v\u011b u pacient\u016f v produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku p\u0159edstavuje pneumokokov\u00e1 infekce zna\u010dnou ekonomickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Podle \u00dastavu zdravotnick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a statistiky<\/a> p\u0159ekro\u010dily jen n\u00e1klady na l\u00e9\u010dbu osob s akutn\u00ed infekc\u00ed horn\u00edch a doln\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch 8 miliard korun. Odborn\u00edci z Institutu pro zdravotn\u00ed ekonomii, politiku a inovace
Ekonomicko-spr\u00e1vn\u00ed fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brn\u011b<\/a> ve sv\u00e9 anal\u00fdze odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee ztr\u00e1ta produktivity zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 ch\u0159ipkou a pneumoni\u00ed za rok 2024 dos\u00e1hla 4,8 miliardy korun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedinou \u00fa\u010dinnou ochranou je o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kojenc\u016fm, senior\u016fm nad 65 let a rizikov\u00fdm pacient\u016fm se sn\u00ed\u017eenou imunitou hrad\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. \u201eO\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed doporu\u010duji v\u0161em sv\u00fdm pacient\u016fm, a to i t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159ekro\u010dili hranici 65 let. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud jsou vystaveni vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu riziku n\u00e1kazy, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed vnou\u010dat. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je nav\u00edc nov\u011b k\u00a0dispozici o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je ji\u017e specificky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na dosp\u011blou populaci. Pacienti se mohou nao\u010dkovat kdykoli b\u011bhem roku a na rozd\u00edl nap\u0159\u00edklad od ch\u0159ipky jej nemus\u00ed pravideln\u011b opakovat. Pneumokokov\u00e1 infekce dok\u00e1\u017ee zkomplikovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nemoci, jako je astma nebo chronick\u00e1 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc (CHOPN). I po vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed infekce se v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u016fvodn\u00ed nemoc zhor\u0161\u00ed a u\u017e se n\u00e1m ji nepoda\u0159\u00ed vr\u00e1tit do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prim. MUDr. Ivana \u010ciern\u00e1 Peterov\u00e1, m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 pneumologick\u00e9 a ftizeologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fraz na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti pneumokokov\u00fdm infekc\u00edm u rizikov\u00fdch osob je tak\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu rozvoje geriatrick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de v\u00a0\u010cR do roku 2035 nebo N\u00e1rodn\u00edho kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. \u201eO\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti pneumokok\u016fm v\u00fdznamn\u011b sni\u017euje komplikace spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0infekc\u00ed a zvy\u0161uje nad\u011bji na do\u017eit\u00ed. M\u011bli bychom proto usilovat o\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed proo\u010dkovanosti zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0rizikov\u00e9 skupin\u011b star\u0161\u00edch osob, kter\u00e1 je v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice oproti jin\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm zem\u00edm v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed Ing. Ji\u0159\u00ed Horeck\u00fd, prezident Asociace poskytovatel\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb \u010cR a tak\u00e9 prezident European Ageing Network a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eOce\u0148uji, \u017ee v p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00ed strategii si ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 klade za c\u00edl z\u00e1sadn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it proo\u010dkovanost i proti pneumokok\u016fm, a to nejen u osob star\u0161\u00edch 65 let, ale tak\u00e9 obecn\u011b u osob se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm chronick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm bez ohledu na v\u011bk.\u201c <\/em>Mezi ohro\u017een\u00e9 skupiny pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad diabetici, pacienti s\u00a0cystickou fibr\u00f3zou a CHOPN, lid\u00e9 s\u00a0nemocemi srdce a ledvin a tak\u00e9 pacienti se sn\u00ed\u017eenou imunitou. Na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch preventivn\u00edch program\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po\u010det invazivn\u00edch pneumokokov\u00fdch infekc\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 Z\u00e1pal plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt mozkov\u00fdch blan nebo celkov\u00e1 otrava organismu mohou m\u00edt spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodce \u2013 pneumokokovou infekci. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 bakterie ohro\u017euje […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":61789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/61789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}