Pro pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed chronickou obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed (CHOPN), je zima n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. Chladn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a respira\u010dn\u00ed infekce mohou v\u00e9st ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 du\u0161nosti a ka\u0161li. Odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s CHOPN \u010del\u00ed v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed kvalit\u011b \u017eivota, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010dast\u011bji hospitalizov\u00e1ni a dokonce se zvy\u0161uje jejich \u00famrtnost. T\u011bmto v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edej\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chronick\u00e1 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc (CHOPN) je pomalu postupuj\u00edc\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed plic, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se trvale zu\u017euj\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty. Nevznik\u00e1 ze dne na den, ale b\u011bhem let m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dapln\u00e9 uzdraven\u00ed nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Postupn\u00e9 zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest zt\u011b\u017euje d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edjem kysl\u00edku i uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z t\u011bla. Pro posti\u017een\u00e9 to znamen\u00e1 nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun kysl\u00edku do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu, co\u017e zhor\u0161uje fungov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho organismu. Nemoc m\u016f\u017ee ni\u010dit plicn\u00ed skl\u00edpky a p\u0159edstavuje velkou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pro srdce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eV\u00fdsledkem je oslaben\u00ed kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a sval\u016f, kter\u00e9 pak ji\u017e nemohou pracovat naplno. V\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 omezen\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch funkc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nav\u00edc nap\u00e1chat \u0161kody na dal\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1nech,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed port\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro CHOPN je typick\u00fd \u00faporn\u00fd ka\u0161el, vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hlen\u016f a du\u0161nost, charakteristick\u00e9 zvuky p\u0159i d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed, s\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed nebo hu\u010den\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 modr\u00e1n\u00ed rt\u016f a \u010dast\u00e9 nachlazen\u00ed nebo ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 infekce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Obt\u00ed\u017ee nastupuj\u00ed pomalu: zpo\u010d\u00e1tku b\u00fdv\u00e1 du\u0161nost patrn\u00e1 pouze p\u0159i n\u00e1maze. \u010casto se projevuje pot\u0159ebou vyka\u0161lat hleny z krku hned po probuzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eP\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ka\u0161el, vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hlen\u016f a du\u0161nost se obvykle zhor\u0161uj\u00ed s d\u00e9lkou trv\u00e1n\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee CHOPN nen\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dena,\u201c upozor\u0148uj\u00ed odborn\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pacienti s pokro\u010dil\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm m\u00edvaj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee u\u017e nemohou d\u00fdchat. Trp\u00ed takzvan\u00fdmi exacerbacemi, kdy se jejich stav zhor\u0161\u00ed na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed i del\u0161\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed CHOPN vzr\u016fst\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) odhaduje, \u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b trp\u00ed chronickou obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed na 220 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. \u00damrtnost na tuto nemoc se odhaduje na 3,4 milionu lid\u00ed za rok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eP\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee se toto \u010d\u00edslo bude v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161ovat. CHOPN se m\u00e1 st\u00e1t t\u0159et\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed a v roce 2030 m\u00e1 p\u0159ipravit o \u017eivot 5,8 milionu lid\u00ed,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed WHO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u00e9 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je CHOPN v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. Podle zdravotn\u00edch statistik trp\u00ed touto nemoc\u00ed p\u0159es 250 tis\u00edc pacient\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b i u n\u00e1s l\u00e9ka\u0159i odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdskyt je daleko vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eV \u010cR um\u00edr\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 3500 a\u017e 4500 lid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na CHOPN. Mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch v\u0161ak um\u00edr\u00e1 s CHOPN \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji na bronchogenn\u00ed karcinom nebo na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c upozor\u0148uje N\u00e1rodn\u00ed screeningov\u00e9 centrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f trp\u00ed touto nemoc\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mu\u017ei. Jej\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba je finan\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e l\u00e9\u010dba rakoviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi pacientky s CHOPN se \u0159ad\u00ed i p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 here\u010dka Petra H\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 byla diagnostikov\u00e1na teprve p\u0159ed ned\u00e1vnem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee se na tu nemoc p\u0159i\u0161lo v\u010das a \u017ee d\u00edky nekou\u0159en\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu dok\u00e1\u017eu odd\u00e1lit ty nejhor\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je t\u0159eba pl\u00edce sledovat a hl\u00eddat. Ale nechci, aby to vyzn\u011blo, \u017ee m\u00e1m smrt na jazyku, tak to v\u016fbec nen\u00ed,\u201d citoval here\u010dku lifestylov\u00fd web Kafe.cz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V zim\u011b se choroba m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161ovat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Probl\u00e9my pacient\u016f s chronickou obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed se mohou v zim\u011b zhor\u0161ovat. Studen\u00fd vzduch a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed pr\u016fdu\u0161ky a vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed du\u0161nost, s\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed a ka\u0161el. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00ed choroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eB\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nachlazen\u00ed a ch\u0159ipka, kter\u00e9 se v zim\u011b snadn\u011bji \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, nejen zhor\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky CHOPN, ale u pacient\u016f s touto chorobou je tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se u nich rozvinou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 infekce,\u201c varuje americk\u00fd specialista na plicn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed Alan H. Gross z nemocnice Premier Medical Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na negativn\u00ed vliv zimn\u00edho obdob\u00ed upozornila studie s n\u00e1zvem P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a d\u016fsledky sezonn\u00edch v\u00fdkyv\u016f v exacerbac\u00edch CHOPN. Jej\u00ed auto\u0159i varovali, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt exacerbac\u00ed v zim\u011b znamen\u00e1 pro pacienty nejen zv\u00fd\u0161enou nemocnost, ale tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enou \u00famrtnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eSezonnost tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pro ji\u017e tak p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se zvy\u0161uje jak po\u010det konzultac\u00ed v prim\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, tak i po\u010det hospitalizac\u00ed,\u201c uvedli auto\u0159i studie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jin\u00fd v\u00fdzkum sledoval, jak pokles minim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed venkovn\u00ed teploty u nemocn\u00fdch vedl ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed respira\u010dn\u00edch symptom\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed frekvence pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho inhal\u00e1toru a r\u00e1no i ve\u010der tak\u00e9 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plicn\u00ed funkce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201ePokles minim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed venkovn\u00ed teploty m\u011bl nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopad ve stejn\u00fd den, ale vliv na symptomy a plicn\u00ed funkce p\u0159etrv\u00e1val a\u017e t\u0159i dny,\u201c ozn\u00e1mili auto\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak p\u0159edej\u00edt zimn\u00edmu zhor\u0161en\u00ed CHOPN<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Britsk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka a specialistka na respira\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed Louise Ryanov\u00e1 nab\u00e1d\u00e1 pacienty s CHOPN, aby v zim\u011b v\u011bnovali speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornost sv\u00e9mu zdrav\u00ed. Zve\u0159ejnila tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 by jim mohly pomoci zabr\u00e1nit zhor\u0161en\u00ed nemoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 tipy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tepl\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed. P\u0159i vych\u00e1zen\u00ed ven noste v\u00edce vrstev oble\u010den\u00ed, \u010depici, rukavice a \u0161\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Za chladn\u00e9ho a \u0161patn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed z\u016fsta\u0148te doma. Vyhn\u011bte se vych\u00e1zen\u00ed ven, kdy\u017e je velk\u00e1 zima, v\u00edtr nebo je vysok\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vytvo\u0159te si domov p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd k plic\u00edm. Udr\u017eujte si doma teplotu alespo\u0148 18 \u00b0Celsia, zejm\u00e9na v lo\u017enici. Pokud je vzduch ve va\u0161em byt\u011b velmi such\u00fd, pou\u017e\u00edvejte zvlh\u010dova\u010d vzduchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u011btrejte asi 10 minut denn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chra\u0148te si d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty. D\u00fdchejte nosem m\u00edsto \u00fasty. P\u0159i pobytu venku si m\u016f\u017eete \u00fasta a nos p\u0159ekr\u00fdt \u0161\u00e1lou nebo kapuc\u00ed, abyste si zah\u0159\u00e1li vdechovan\u00fd vzduch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f je podstatn\u00e1 i prevence p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch infekc\u00ed. \u201eAby se zabr\u00e1nilo zhor\u0161en\u00ed CHOPN a z\u00e1palu plic, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Alan H. Gross.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle n\u011bj je pro pacienty s CHOPN velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce, proto\u017ee ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 viry mohou v\u00e9st i k z\u00e1palu plic. \u201eNa m\u00edst\u011b je tak\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti pneumokokov\u00e9 pneumonii,\u201c zd\u016fraznil l\u00e9ka\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prevence infekc\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nechte se o\u010dkovat. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee m\u00e1te ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce a COVID-19. Zeptejte se sv\u00e9ho praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e na vakc\u00ednu proti z\u00e1palu plic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vyh\u00fdbejte se spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d\u016fm. Vyh\u00fdbejte se zakou\u0159en\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, m\u00edst\u016fm, kde je ve vzduchu mno\u017estv\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed nebo \u010distic\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, a tak\u00e9 pasivn\u00edmu kou\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neku\u0159te. Pokud kou\u0159\u00edte, obra\u0165te se na odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1m pomohou s odvyk\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dodr\u017eujte hygienu. Pravideln\u011b si myjte ruce a v p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdch uzav\u0159en\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch noste rou\u0161ku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vyh\u00fdbejte se dav\u016fm. Vyh\u00fdbejte se p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm, abyste minimalizovali riziko n\u00e1kazy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou CHOPN je ve \u010dty\u0159ech z p\u011bti p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f kou\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 aktivn\u00ed i pasivn\u00ed. Nemoc v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat tak\u00e9 vystaven\u00ed chemick\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m a pra\u0161n\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CHOPN je mo\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dit, bohu\u017eel v\u0161ak obvykle nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zcela zvr\u00e1tit v\u0161echna po\u0161kozen\u00ed a dos\u00e1hnout \u00fapln\u00e9ho uzdraven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ivana Vitovsk\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Den\u00edk.cz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pro pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed chronickou obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed (CHOPN), je zima n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. Chladn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a respira\u010dn\u00ed infekce mohou v\u00e9st ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62872"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62872\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/60475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}