{"id":63034,"date":"2026-02-19T12:37:59","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T11:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63034"},"modified":"2026-02-19T12:38:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T11:38:12","slug":"vyzivne-po-velke-novele-co-se-od-roku-2026-zmenilo-a-jake-maji-prijemci-realne-moznosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63034","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 po velk\u00e9 novele: co se od roku 2026 zm\u011bnilo a jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemci re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mo\u017enosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/avatar-012x-60x60.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/o-nas\/ondrej-preuss\">JUDr. Ond\u0159ej Preuss, Ph.D.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/rubrika\/rodinne-pravo\">Rodinn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Od 1. ledna 2026 se z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed re\u017eim neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho. Trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00fa\u017eena, stovky odsouzen\u00fdch byly propu\u0161t\u011bny z v\u00fdkonu trestu a t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b ochrany opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch osob se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do oblasti civiln\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Novela z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00fd institut postoupen\u00ed pohled\u00e1vky na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m a m\u011bn\u00ed pravidla pro \u00faro\u010den\u00ed dluh\u016f. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme p\u0159ehled kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch zm\u011bn a aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 pob\u00edraj\u00ed \u2013 bez politick\u00fdch slogan\u016f, s d\u016frazem na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed realitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/vyzivne-po-velke-novele?utm_source=ecomail&amp;utm_campaign=2026_02_vyzivne_kniha&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=83629&amp;ecmid=336\">V\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 po velk\u00e9 novele: co se od roku 2026 zm\u011bnilo a jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemci re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mo\u017enosti \u2014 Dostupn\u00fd advok\u00e1t<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"konec-automaticke-trestnosti-kdy-je\">Konec automatick\u00e9 trestnosti: kdy je neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho po 1. 1. 2026 je\u0161t\u011b trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Od 1. ledna 2026 p\u0159estalo b\u00fdt neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho v \u010desk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu automaticky<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/trestny-cin\">&nbsp;trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem<\/a>. Novela trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnila dosavadn\u00ed pojet\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed povinn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy a v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00fa\u017eila okruh situac\u00ed, kdy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt neplat\u00edc\u00ed rodi\u010d trestn\u011b st\u00edh\u00e1n. Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve posta\u010dovalo samotn\u00e9 nepln\u011bn\u00ed vy\u017eivovac\u00ed povinnosti po z\u00e1konem stanovenou dobu, nov\u011b je trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost v\u00e1z\u00e1na na kvalitativn\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem je nyn\u00ed pouze takov\u00e9 neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho, kter\u00fdm povinn\u00fd rodi\u010d vystav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nouze<\/strong>. Nejde tedy o ka\u017ed\u00fd dluh na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m, ale o situace, kdy neplacen\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017euje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby d\u00edt\u011bte \u2013 typicky zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed, stravy, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de \u010di \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je, \u017ee soud mus\u00ed tuto hrozbu nouze konkr\u00e9tn\u011b posoudit a prok\u00e1zat; samotn\u00e1 existence dluhu u\u017e k trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna reaguje na dlouhodobou kritiku praxe, kdy trestn\u00ed postih dopadal i na rodi\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 neplatili nikoli z v\u016fle, ale z objektivn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, jako je nezam\u011bstnanost, n\u00edzk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem nebo zdravotn\u00ed omezen\u00ed. Nov\u00e1 \u00faprava klade d\u016fraz na skute\u010dn\u00fd dopad neplacen\u00ed na d\u00edt\u011b, nikoli jen na form\u00e1ln\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro p\u0159\u00edjemce&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/zvyseni-vyzivneho\">v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho<\/a>&nbsp;to znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed posun: trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo u\u017e nen\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1strojem n\u00e1tlaku, ale v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem ochrany d\u00edt\u011bte v nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech. T\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dluh\u016f na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m se t\u00edm jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do oblasti civiln\u00edho pr\u00e1va a exeku\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"anchorsluzby\">Pot\u0159ebujete pomoci s nastaven\u00edm \u010di vymo\u017een\u00edm v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pom\u016f\u017eeme v\u00e1m spr\u00e1vn\u011b nastavit v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9, reagovat na jeho neplacen\u00ed nebo zvolit nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestu k vymo\u017een\u00ed dlu\u017en\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stek. V\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edpad vyhodnot\u00edme individu\u00e1ln\u011b, vysv\u011btl\u00edme re\u00e1ln\u00e9 \u0161ance a p\u0159evezmeme pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kroky tak, abyste se mohli soust\u0159edit na sebe a sv\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159i objedn\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eby p\u0159esn\u011b v\u00edte, co dostanete a kolik v\u00e1s to bude st\u00e1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u0161e zvl\u00e1dneme on-line nebo osobn\u011b v&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/kontakt#mapa\">jedn\u00e9 z na\u0161ich 6 kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>8 z 10 po\u017eadavk\u016f vy\u0159e\u0161\u00edme do 2 pracovn\u00edch dn\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed obor m\u00e1me specialistu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"propusteni-odsouzenych-a-otevrene-kauzy\">Propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odsouzen\u00fdch a otev\u0159en\u00e9 kauzy: co novela znamen\u00e1 pro star\u00e9 i prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00da\u010dinnost novely trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku od 1. ledna 2026 nem\u011bla dopad pouze do budoucna, ale v\u00fdrazn\u011b zas\u00e1hla i do ji\u017e pravomocn\u011b skon\u010den\u00fdch a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch trestn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed trestnosti zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed povinn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy musely&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/soustava-soudu\">soudy<\/a>&nbsp;znovu posoudit p\u0159\u00edpady osob odsouzen\u00fdch podle d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy, pokud jejich jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u011b nenapl\u0148uje znak vystaven\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nouze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V praxi to znamenalo, \u017ee u osob ve v\u00fdkonu trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody soudy rozhodovaly o jejich propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b o zm\u011bn\u011b ulo\u017een\u00e9ho&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/zakony\/169-1999\">trestu<\/a>. Zm\u011bna se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkala pouze nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u011b odsouzen\u00fdch. P\u0159ezkumem pro\u0161ly i p\u0159\u00edpady s podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm trestem, s ulo\u017een\u00fdmi obecn\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdmi pracemi nebo osoby nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se ve zku\u0161ebn\u00ed dob\u011b. Pokud jedn\u00e1n\u00ed odsouzen\u00e9ho ji\u017e podle nov\u00e9 \u00fapravy nen\u00ed trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem, nelze v trestn\u00edm postihu pokra\u010dovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podstatn\u00e9 je, \u017ee nejde o hromadnou amnestii ani o \u201eautomatick\u00e9\u201c zastaven\u00ed v\u0161ech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad mus\u00ed soud individu\u00e1ln\u011b posoudit, zejm\u00e9na z hlediska skute\u010dn\u00fdch dopad\u016f neplacen\u00ed na d\u00edt\u011b. Tam, kde soud dosp\u011bje k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b ohro\u017eeno nouz\u00ed nebylo, trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost zanik\u00e1. Naopak v z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee trestn\u00ed postih p\u0159etrvat i po 1. lednu 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 rodi\u010de m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento v\u00fdvoj frustruj\u00edc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud byli na trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b odk\u00e1z\u00e1ni jako na hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj n\u00e1tlaku. Novela v\u0161ak jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo m\u00e1 b\u00fdt krajn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem. S<strong>kute\u010dnost, \u017ee trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost zanikla nebo nebyla shled\u00e1na, p\u0159itom nijak neoslabuje civiln\u00ed n\u00e1rok na dlu\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 ani mo\u017enost jeho dal\u0161\u00edho vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"teziste-se-presouva-do-civilu\">T\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do civilu: jak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje m\u00e1 dnes opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd rodi\u010d k vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S omezen\u00edm trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho se od roku 2026 jednozna\u010dn\u011b potvrzuje trend, kter\u00fd byl patrn\u00fd u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve: hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem ochrany opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho rodi\u010de a d\u00edt\u011bte je civiln\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. V\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm soukromopr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1rok a jeho vymo\u017een\u00ed stoj\u00ed na rychl\u00e9 a d\u016fsledn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci s dostupn\u00fdmi civiln\u00edmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pil\u00ed\u0159em z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed o v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m, bez n\u011bho\u017e je jak\u00e9koli vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed problematick\u00e9.<\/strong>&nbsp;Jakmile povinn\u00fd rodi\u010d nepln\u00ed, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 ne\u010dekat a podat n\u00e1vrh na v\u00fdkon rozhodnut\u00ed nebo exekuci. V praxi se jako nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky ze mzdy \u010di jin\u00fdch pravideln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pohled\u00e1vky z \u00fa\u010dtu. Tyto zp\u016fsoby maj\u00ed nejen vysokou vymahatelnost, ale i preventivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vedle klasick\u00e9 exekuce z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/nahradni-vyzivne\">n\u00e1hradn\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9<\/a>&nbsp;vypl\u00e1cen\u00e9 st\u00e1tem.<\/strong>&nbsp;To sice nepokr\u00fdv\u00e1 celou v\u00fd\u0161i soudem stanoven\u00e9ho v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho a je \u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e9, ale p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fle\u017eitou pojistku v situac\u00edch, kdy vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed selh\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo se protahuje. Pob\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edho v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho v\u0161ak nem\u011bn\u00ed nic na povinnosti aktivn\u011b dluh vym\u00e1hat \u2013 st\u00e1t pouze do\u010dasn\u011b zm\u00edr\u0148uje dopady neplacen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdznam procesn\u00ed strategie. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd rodi\u010d by m\u011bl sledovat, zda se majetkov\u00e9 pom\u011bry povinn\u00e9ho nem\u011bn\u00ed, a podle toho pru\u017en\u011b volit vhodn\u00fd zp\u016fsob vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010castou chybou je pasivita a spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na \u201eposledn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u201c v podob\u011b trestn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed. Po roce 2026 u\u017e tento p\u0159\u00edstup neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed realit\u011b. Civiln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje nejsou dopl\u0148kem, ale hlavn\u00ed cestou, jak se domoci dlu\u017en\u00e9ho i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"postoupeni-pohledavky-na-vyzivnem-novy\">Postoupen\u00ed pohled\u00e1vky na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m: nov\u00fd institut mezi \u00falevou a rizikem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jednou z nejdiskutovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch novinek \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch od 1. ledna 2026 je v\u00fdslovn\u00e9 umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed postoupen\u00ed splatn\u00e9 pohled\u00e1vky na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m<\/strong>. Nov\u00fd \u00a7 921a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/zakony\/obcansky-zakonik\">ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a>&nbsp;definitivn\u011b uzav\u00edr\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spory o to, zda je takov\u00fd postup v\u016fbec p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd, a stanov\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e1 pravidla, za nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd rodi\u010d dlu\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e9st na t\u0159et\u00ed osobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Postoupit lze pouze ji\u017e splatn\u00e9, pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 p\u0159iznan\u00e9 soudem. Budouc\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 ani pln\u011bn\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 jen na dohod\u011b rodi\u010d\u016f p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt nelze. Smyslem \u00fapravy je nab\u00eddnout \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed situac\u00ed, kdy je povinn\u00fd rodi\u010d dlouhodob\u011b neochotn\u00fd plnit, a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd rodi\u010d u\u017e nechce nebo nem\u016f\u017ee n\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e spojenou s vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm. Nov\u00fd institut umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat alespo\u0148 okam\u017eitou jistotu pln\u011bn\u00ed, by\u0165 \u010dasto za cenu ur\u010dit\u00e9ho diskontu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon sou\u010dasn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u00ed \u0159adu ochrann\u00fdch mechanism\u016f. \u00daplata za postoupen\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt poskytnuta bezhotovostn\u011b, p\u0159evod pohled\u00e1vky nast\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e jej\u00edm skute\u010dn\u00fdm zaplacen\u00edm a postupitel z\u00e1sadn\u011b neru\u010d\u00ed za dobytnost dluhu. U v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho pro nezletil\u00e9 je ochrana je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a soud m\u00e1 posuzovat, zda je postoupen\u00ed v souladu s nejlep\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1jmem d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esto nov\u00fd institut vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 obavy.&nbsp;<strong>Kritici upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na riziko komercionalizace rodinn\u00fdch vztah\u016f a na mo\u017enost vzniku praktik bl\u00edzk\u00fdch \u201eobchodu s chudobou\u201c.<\/strong>&nbsp;V praxi bude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, komu a za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek budou pohled\u00e1vky postupov\u00e1ny a jak d\u016fsledn\u011b budou soudy dohl\u00ed\u017eet na ochranu slab\u0161\u00ed strany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Postoupen\u00ed pohled\u00e1vky na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m tak nelze ch\u00e1pat jako univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Jde o krajn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159in\u00e9st \u00falevu, ale vy\u017eaduje obez\u0159etnost a pe\u010dliv\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zhodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tip na \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edte, na jak\u00e9 alimenty m\u00e1 va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b n\u00e1rok? Kalkula\u010dky na webu n\u00e1m mohou poskytnout vod\u00edtko, ale je t\u0159eba v\u011bd\u011bt, co&nbsp; dal\u0161\u00edho hraje p\u0159i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/vyzivne\">v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho<\/a>&nbsp;roli a jak je m\u016f\u017eete vypo\u010d\u00edtat. Sepsali jsme pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ehled, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu se v situaci snadno zorientujete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"uroky-dluh-a-cas-jak\">\u00daroky, dluh a \u010das: jak se od roku 2026 m\u011bn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fsledky neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedle zm\u011bn v trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu a pos\u00edlen\u00ed civiln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 od 1. ledna 2026 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed posun tak\u00e9 v oblasti finan\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho na nezletil\u00e9 d\u011bti.&nbsp;<strong>Nov\u011b se v\u00fdrazn\u011b posiluje role \u00farok\u016f z prodlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed nejen kompenza\u010dn\u00ed, ale i preventivn\u011b-sank\u010dn\u00ed funkci.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u010cas se tak st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch faktor\u016f, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje celkov\u00fd rozsah dluhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dluh na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m se i nad\u00e1le \u00faro\u010d\u00ed \u00farokem z prodlen\u00ed podle ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, av\u0161ak u pohled\u00e1vek v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho na nezletil\u00e9 d\u011bti se zav\u00e1d\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed re\u017eim.&nbsp;<strong>Po dobu prvn\u00edch \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f prodlen\u00ed se uplatn\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 sazba ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2,5 promile denn\u011b z dlu\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky.<\/strong>&nbsp;Teprve po uplynut\u00ed t\u00e9to doby se \u00faro\u010den\u00ed vrac\u00ed na b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1konnou sazbu, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 repo sazb\u011b&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnb.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky<\/a>&nbsp;zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 o osm procentn\u00edch bod\u016f. Nov\u00e1 \u00faprava tak zcela z\u0159eteln\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee \u00faroky nejsou pouze okrajov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00edm dluhu, ale samostatn\u00fdm a ekonomicky velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm n\u00e1rokem opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Praktick\u00e9 dopady jsou v\u00fdrazn\u00e9.&nbsp;<strong>Ji\u017e n\u011bkolikam\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed prodlen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dluhu o tis\u00edce a\u017e desetitis\u00edce korun, a to i u relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodn\u00edho v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho.<\/strong>&nbsp;Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce t\u00edm sleduje jasn\u00fd c\u00edl: motivovat povinn\u00e9 rodi\u010de k v\u010dasn\u00e9mu pln\u011bn\u00ed vy\u017eivovac\u00ed povinnosti a zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu d\u00edt\u011bte, nikoli dobrovoln\u00fd z\u00e1vazek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z pohledu opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho rodi\u010de je v\u0161ak nad\u00e1le kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee \u00faroky z prodlen\u00ed nevznikaj\u00ed bez dal\u0161\u00edho automatick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Aby se staly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vym\u00e1han\u00e9ho n\u00e1roku, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b uplatn\u011bny \u2013 typicky v r\u00e1mci soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010di exekuce \u2013 spolu s jistinou. Opomenut\u00ed nebo procesn\u00ed pasivita mohou v\u00e9st nejen k prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale i k faktick\u00e9mu oslaben\u00ed postaven\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00faro\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u011b i sv\u00e9 limity. U solventn\u00edch povinn\u00fdch osob m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd tlak k rychl\u00e9mu uhrazen\u00ed dluhu, u osob s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee naopak p\u0159isp\u011bt k dal\u0161\u00edmu prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed zadlu\u017een\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava nekombinuje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00faro\u010den\u00ed izolovan\u011b, ale propojuje je s dal\u0161\u00edmi instituty, zejm\u00e9na s n\u00e1hradn\u00edm v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fdm poskytovan\u00fdm st\u00e1tem a s d\u016frazem na civiln\u00ed cesty vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rok 2026 tak jasn\u011b potvrzuje, \u017ee u v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho plat\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9, av\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pravidlo: \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve se dluh za\u010dne \u0159e\u0161it, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed budou jeho finan\u010dn\u00ed i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady. Nov\u00e1 \u00faprava d\u00e1v\u00e1 najevo, \u017ee prodlen\u00ed s placen\u00edm v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho nebude tolerov\u00e1no a \u017ee ochrana d\u00edt\u011bte m\u00e1 v syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed pohodl\u00edm povinn\u00e9ho rodi\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shrnuti\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Novela \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 od 1. ledna 2026 z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm \u010desk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo reaguje na neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho. Trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo ustupuje do pozad\u00ed a je vyhrazeno jen pro v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 situace, kdy neplacen\u00ed vystav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b skute\u010dn\u00e9mu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nouze. Tento posun se prom\u00edtl nejen do budouc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, ale i do ji\u017e skon\u010den\u00fdch trestn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odsouzen\u00fdch a p\u0159ezkumu podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch trest\u016f. Ochrana opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch osob se t\u00edm jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do oblasti civiln\u00edho pr\u00e1va, kde nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu rychl\u00e1 exekuce, soudn\u00ed v\u00fdkon rozhodnut\u00ed a institut n\u00e1hradn\u00edho v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b novela roz\u0161i\u0159uje paletu n\u00e1stroj\u016f o mo\u017enost postoupen\u00ed splatn\u00e9 pohled\u00e1vky na v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9m a posiluje v\u00fdznam finan\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f neplacen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u00farok\u016f z prodlen\u00ed. Tyto zm\u011bny mohou opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm rodi\u010d\u016fm v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch situac\u00edch p\u0159in\u00e9st \u00falevu, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak kladou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na informovanost, obez\u0159etnost a aktivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. V\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 po roce 2026 nen\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kde by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 spol\u00e9hat na automatick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy st\u00e1tu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. \u00dasp\u011bch v ochran\u011b pr\u00e1v d\u00edt\u011bte i opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho rodi\u010de bude st\u00e1le v\u00edce z\u00e1viset na v\u010dasn\u00e9m a promy\u0161len\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed civiln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a na realistick\u00e9m zhodnocen\u00ed toho, kter\u00fd postup je v dan\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 situaci skute\u010dn\u011b nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do rodinn\u00fdch t\u00e9mat se v sou\u010dasnosti prom\u00edtlo n\u011bkolik novel:&nbsp;<strong>v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 po zm\u011bn\u00e1ch od ledna 2026&nbsp;<\/strong>bude pro spoustu rodi\u010d\u016f citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edv \u2013 n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee se zorientovat.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A proto\u017ee v rodinn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu lid\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji t\u00e1pou pr\u00e1v\u011b ve chv\u00edl\u00edch, kdy je pot\u0159eba m\u00edt jasno rychle,&nbsp;<strong>napsali jsme jako t\u00fdm Dostupn\u00e9ho advok\u00e1ta novou knihu, srozumiteln\u00fd a praktick\u00fd pr\u016fvodce \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/track.dostupnyadvokat.cz\/f\/a\/wtCxK0JhVHXvWOUult_4qw~~\/AAA-fBA~\/sq5ioR0JBfH8TE234IS3l1LiJ5eJtDuKBuJ-L6-0OaihgDygOng8L4EKIyN2WseiOmXddegYandD4BR05BZi1EK9YPDLJXluRtpQGM22gsz2oYr_rp9mmhDj-vYNewLMi82C4-KmfCCyPg4V4rXybBiothVqJ60PsyTzbNitOyAIpas76DxgdSYTVf3I4uPCsD2dDMkd7oXWtn2Vcc9j1LbGOTgVoHCCW3cWKLKgxtoL7ZNmYbEONMO9ZQ8jyAEXZmFDVAxJWqZb7-TWUSmSDTaPqC6PJTgdLDq7KdhFqjI~\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pr\u00e1vo v rodin\u011b a pro rodinu<\/a>&#8222;<\/strong>. V \u00fanoru ho nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017eete po\u0159\u00eddit s 25% slevou.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>JUDr. Ond\u0159ej Preuss, Ph.D. &nbsp;Rodinn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo Od 1. ledna 2026 se z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed re\u017eim neplacen\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho. Trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b z\u00fa\u017eena, stovky odsouzen\u00fdch byly <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63034\" title=\"V\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 po velk\u00e9 novele: co se od roku 2026 zm\u011bnilo a jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemci re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mo\u017enosti\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poradna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63034"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63034\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}