{"id":63205,"date":"2026-03-13T12:57:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T11:57:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63205"},"modified":"2026-03-13T13:00:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T12:00:25","slug":"tuberkuloza-se-ceska-drzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63205","title":{"rendered":"Tuberkul\u00f3za se \u010ceska dr\u017e\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pomohly by d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontroly<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praha, 12. b\u0159ezna 2026 \u2013 Po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f tuberkul\u00f3zy v \u010cesku nekles\u00e1. Kv\u016fli m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se geopolitick\u00e9 situaci sem proud\u00ed lid\u00e9 ze zem\u00ed, kde se nemoc vymyk\u00e1 kontrole. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch dat z N\u00e1rodn\u00edho registru TBC je v \u010cR historicky nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl nemocn\u00fdch cizinc\u016f \u2013 52 %. Plicn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i volaj\u00ed po d\u016fkladn\u00e9m a propracovan\u00e9m z\u00e1chytu v\u0161ech, kdo do \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed. Zat\u00edm toti\u017e zdravotn\u00ed prohl\u00eddku podstupuj\u00ed pouze ti, kte\u0159\u00ed zde leg\u00e1ln\u011b pracuj\u00ed.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9ma pneumologov\u00e9 otev\u00edraj\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne boje proti tuberkul\u00f3ze, jen\u017e p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 24. b\u0159ezna. Ve stejn\u00fd den o 144 let d\u0159\u00edve ozn\u00e1mil n\u011bmeck\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Robert Koch objev z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9ho bacilu <\/strong>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/strong><\/em>, jen\u017e nemoc zp\u016fsobuje.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eV\u00fdskyt tuberkul\u00f3zy je v \u010cesku v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e bychom si p\u0159\u00e1li. Za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed situace by m\u011bl klesnout pod 300 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Nyn\u00ed jsme ale na 429. U dom\u00e1c\u00ed populace se pod\u00edl nemocn\u00fdch sn\u00ed\u017eil, <\/em>u osob narozen\u00fdch mimo \u010cR v\u0161ak \u010din\u00ed 52 %. V\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 zde vid\u00edme v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det nemocn\u00fdch z Filip\u00edn. Zrovna tato zem\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed bohu\u017eel k t\u011bm, kde je tuberkul\u00f3za zcela mimo kontrolu,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr.<\/em> Ji\u0159\u00ed Wallenfels, vedouc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednotky dohledu nad tuberkul\u00f3zou p\u0159i Fakultn\u00ed nemocnici Bulovka. Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159e je tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje, kde meziro\u010dn\u011b posko\u010dil po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f TBC z 2,4 na lo\u0148sk\u00fdch 4,4 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel, co\u017e je nejv\u00edce od roku 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plicn\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm se loni poda\u0159ilo prosadit, aby lid\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed do \u010ceska za prac\u00ed pro\u0161li vstupn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159skou prohl\u00eddkou u praktick\u00e9ho nebo z\u00e1vodn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Jej\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je i rentgen plic, kter\u00fd tuberkul\u00f3zn\u00ed lo\u017eiska odhal\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eProhl\u00eddky se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkaj\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zde pracuj\u00ed na\u010derno nebo p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed za jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem. Tr\u00e1p\u00ed n\u00e1s tak\u00e9 agentury, kter\u00e9 sem voz\u00ed na pr\u00e1ci lidi z rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kde po\u010dty p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f TBC p\u0159esahuj\u00ed 40 na 100 000 obyvatel,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje prof. MUDr. Vladim\u00edr Kobl\u00ed\u017eek, p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 pneumologick\u00e9 a ftizeologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Podle n\u011bj by ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o dlouhodob\u00fd pobyt, mohl m\u00edt krevn\u00ed testy, je\u017e by p\u0159\u00edtomnost tuberkul\u00f3zy i jej\u00ed latentn\u00ed formy vylou\u010dily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meziro\u010dn\u011b tak\u00e9 vzrostl po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed multirezistentn\u00ed, tedy na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9ky nereaguj\u00edc\u00ed formu tuberkul\u00f3zy. Podle p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch dat z n\u00e1rodn\u00edho registru TBC jich loni p\u0159ibylo 24. \u201eT\u011bmto nemocn\u00fdm mus\u00edme nasadit kombinace pom\u011brn\u011b drah\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, l\u00e9\u010dba jednoho pacienta se pohybuje kolem milionu korun. Standardn\u011b dnes l\u00e9\u010d\u00edme v\u011bt\u0161inu pacient\u016f 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, n\u011bkdy je ale pot\u0159eba l\u00e9\u010dbu u\u017e\u00edvat 9\u201318 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ne\u017e se pacient infekce zbav\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich jsou nepoji\u0161t\u011bni, a tak \u00fahrada l\u00e9\u010dby dopad\u00e1 na n\u00e1s. Jsme toti\u017e jedin\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde se lid\u00e9 s rezistentn\u00ed formou TBC l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Ivana Hric\u00edkov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159ka centra vysoce specializovan\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de o pacienty s multirezistentn\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3zou Fakultn\u00ed Thomayerovy nemocnice (FTN) v Praze. Pneumolo\u017eka p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s TBC v\u011bt\u0161inou poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze soci\u00e1ln\u011b slab\u00fdch vrstev. Jsou to nap\u0159\u00edklad bezdomovci a ty nelze propustit do dom\u00e1c\u00edho l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e z\u00e1kon umo\u017e\u0148uje. \u201eDom\u016f s l\u00e9ky a pokyny k izolaci m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u0161t\u011bt jen ty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed domov, z\u00e1zem\u00ed a jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Hric\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed na odd\u011blen\u00ed Centra pro l\u00e9\u010dbu multirezistentn\u00ed formy tuberkul\u00f3zy jsou cizinci. \u201eNovinkou je pro n\u00e1s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det Filip\u00ednc\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017een, kter\u00e9 se sem vdaly, nebo mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zde pracuj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v d\u011blnick\u00fdch profes\u00edch. Zem\u011b v\u0161ak bohu\u017eel pat\u0159\u00ed k rizikov\u00fdm, co se tuberkul\u00f3zy t\u00fd\u010de,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 MUDr. Hric\u00edkov\u00e1. Filip\u00ednc\u016f je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v \u010cR a\u017e 15 tis\u00edc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee by zem\u011b m\u011bly v roce 2025 dos\u00e1hnout sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f o 50 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rokem 2015. \u201eVzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v roce 2015 bylo v \u010cesku nahl\u00e1\u0161eno 518 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f tuberkul\u00f3zy (p\u0159i 10 542 942 obyvatel\u00edch), pak by loni m\u011blo v \u010cR b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 267 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f (na 10 897 178 obyvatel). Ale je jich p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b 429,\u201c <\/em>komentuje MUDr. Wallenfels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuberkul\u00f3za m\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9 projevy a snadno se schov\u00e1 za jin\u00e9 choroby. Ka\u0161el, vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed krvav\u00fdch hlen\u016f a zad\u00fdch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky pokro\u010dil\u00e9 plicn\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3zy. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pacienti hubnou, jsou unaven\u00ed nebo se v noci pot\u00ed. Krom\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9 formy TBC existuje takzvan\u00e1 latentn\u00ed, a ta se nemus\u00ed hned projevit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eTuberkul\u00f3za se m\u016f\u017ee v t\u011ble dlouho skr\u00fdvat a propuknout nap\u0159\u00edklad v souvislosti s cukrovkou nebo po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed biologick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby, a to i u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Jde o infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proti n\u011bmu\u017e v\u0161ak sou\u010dasn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed neposkytuje dostate\u010dnou ochranu \u2013 zejm\u00e9na u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159ed vznikem nemoci nechr\u00e1n\u00ed. Onemocn\u011bt tak m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli, a proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 na tuberkul\u00f3zu myslet i v roce 2026,\u201c<\/em>uzav\u00edr\u00e1 prof. Kobl\u00ed\u017eek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epidemiologick\u00e1 situace TBC v\u00a0\u010cR v\u00a0roce 2025 v \u010d\u00edslech<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MUDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Wallenfels<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednotka dohledu nad tuberkul\u00f3zou, FN Bulovka, Praha<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jde o p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 data<\/strong> k 6. 3. 2026 z n\u00e1rodn\u00edho registru TBC, registr TBC se \u201euzav\u00edr\u00e1\u201c 30. 4. 2026. P\u0159ehled podle kraje bydli\u0161t\u011b nemocn\u00e9ho (v\u010d. porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s minul\u00fdmi roky) je uveden zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n