Zhoubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor ledvin je z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee jeho p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. V\u00edce ne\u017e 70 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je diagnostikov\u00e1no zcela n\u00e1hodn\u011b p\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed b\u0159icha. \u010ce\u0161i jsou touto chorobou nav\u00edc ohro\u017eeni v\u00edce ne\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V\u00fdskyt rakoviny ledvin je u n\u00e1s toti\u017e oproti pr\u016fm\u011bru zem\u00ed EU t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I kdy\u017e v posledn\u00edch deseti letech roste po\u010det pacient\u016f s rakovinou ledvin v \u010cesku pomaleji ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm d\u011bl\u00e1 toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1le velk\u00e9 starosti. Ro\u010dn\u011b u n\u00e1s rakovinou ledvin onemocn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3100 a\u017e 3200 lid\u00ed, co\u017e je dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt v zem\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ani v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku na tom nejsme dob\u0159e \u2013 pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1m nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 lichotiv\u00e1 druh\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f ledvin v r\u00e1mci \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky eviduj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i v Plze\u0148sk\u00e9m a Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji. Co je tam \u0161patn\u011b? To se zat\u00edm nev\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rizikov\u00e9 faktory rakoviny ledvin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1dory ledvin se objevuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji u mu\u017e\u016f ne\u017e u \u017een. \u201eV roce 2020 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice onemocn\u011blo 1951 mu\u017e\u016f a 958 \u017een. Celkem v roce 2020 na tuto chorobu zem\u0159elo 917 obyvatel,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 onkologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Krom\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch forem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina vzniku tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nejasn\u00e1. V minulosti se zkoumal vliv n\u011bkter\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, ale jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed na vznik n\u00e1doru ledvin nebylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eK faktor\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jist\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko vzniku tohoto zhoubn\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed, obezita a chronick\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku,\u201c informuje \u010cesk\u00e1 urologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ud\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobnost rakoviny ledvin u ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f je 1,5 a\u017e 2,5kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u neku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na vznik n\u00e1doru ledvin maj\u00ed velk\u00fd vliv i dietn\u00ed n\u00e1vyky. \u201eStrava bohat\u00e1 na \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky, velk\u00e1 konzumace sma\u017een\u00e9ho a uzen\u00e9ho masa a \u010dast\u00e1 konzumace dr\u016fbe\u017ee jsou spojeny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed vzniku karcinomu ledviny,\u201c podot\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e1 urologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1dor m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i n\u011bkolik kilogram\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak se v ledvin\u00e1ch vytvo\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1dor? T\u011blo produkuje celou \u0159adu r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f bun\u011bk. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 bu\u0148ky rostou, d\u011bl\u00ed se na nov\u00e9 podle pot\u0159eb organismu a tento proces udr\u017euje t\u011blo zdrav\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eN\u011bkdy se v\u0161ak bu\u0148ky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed nekontrolovan\u011b d\u011blit a vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9, i bez pot\u0159eby organismu. Vznik\u00e1 tak masa nov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1me n\u00e1dorem,\u201c vysv\u011btluje \u010cesk\u00e1 onkologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1dory mohou b\u00fdt nezhoubn\u00e9 nebo zhoubn\u00e9. Ty druh\u00e9 vr\u016fstaj\u00ed do okoln\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed. Agresivn\u00ed bu\u0148ky mohou naru\u0161it st\u011bnu c\u00e9v a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se do organismu c\u00e9vn\u00ed a m\u00edzn\u00ed soustavou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201ePokud jsou v dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky se zde mohou usadit a daj\u00ed vzniknout metast\u00e1z\u00e1m,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed odborn\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou metast\u00e1zemi posti\u017een\u00e9 kosti, pl\u00edce a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. D\u00e1le se n\u00e1dor \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed lymfatickou cestou do uzlin v okol\u00ed ledviny v dutin\u011b b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed ale i do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch uzlinov\u00fdch lokalit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eBiologick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed metast\u00e1z je \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9. Mohou se objevit po vyjmut\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edho n\u00e1doru i po 10 a\u017e 15 letech,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 onkologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ledvinu m\u016f\u017ee postihnout n\u011bkolik druh\u016f zhoubn\u00e9ho bujen\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1dorem je v\u0161ak adenokarcinom ledviny, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed 86 procent v\u0161ech zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f ledvin. M\u016f\u017ee postihnout pravou i levou ledvinu, vz\u00e1cn\u011bji se nach\u00e1z\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b na obou stran\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1dor ledvin m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u011b velk\u00fd \u2013 od velikosti t\u0159e\u0161n\u011b a\u017e po obrovskou nepravidelnou masu v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolik kilogram\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety l\u00e9ka\u0159i v jind\u0159ichohradeck\u00e9 nemocnici pacientce \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b odstranili 19 kilogram\u016f t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd n\u00e1dor. Takzvan\u00fd liposarkom vyrostl v tukov\u00e9m obalu ledviny a \u0161lo o nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zaznamenan\u00fd n\u00e1dor toho typu na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1dor\u016f ledvin je nalezena n\u00e1hodou<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odhalit n\u00e1dor ledvin je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Kv\u016fli poloze ledvin za dutinou b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed se zhoubn\u00fd \u00fatvar nemus\u00ed dlouhou dobu v\u016fbec projevit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Postupn\u011b se zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1doru se mohou objevit prvn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak r\u016fznorod\u00e9. Mohou se dokonce vyskytnout jen p\u0159echodn\u011b a nejsou ni\u010d\u00edm charakteristick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eV\u00edce ne\u017e 70 procent n\u00e1dor\u016f ledvin je diagnostikov\u00e1no n\u00e1hodn\u011b p\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed b\u0159icha z jin\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu, a to pomoc\u00ed ultrazvuku, CT, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b magnetick\u00e9 rezonance,\u201c informuje \u010cesk\u00e1 urologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Krev v mo\u010di, bolest a hmatn\u00fd n\u00e1dor jsou t\u0159i nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky t\u00e9to zhoubn\u00e9 nemoci. Jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost je ale bohu\u017eel v\u011bt\u0161inou zn\u00e1mkou ji\u017e pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho st\u00e1dia onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00edznaky rakoviny ledvin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201ePokud se u v\u00e1s objevila jedna z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, nemus\u00ed to b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edznak zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru ledviny, ale m\u011bli byste nav\u0161t\u00edvit sv\u00e9ho praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo p\u0159\u00edmo urologa,\u201c upozor\u0148uj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho Masarykova onkologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky by mohly signalizovat probl\u00e9my?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Krev v mo\u010di. Mo\u010d je zabarven\u00e1 do \u010dervena, do r\u016f\u017eova nebo do hn\u011bda (do odst\u00ednu, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 colu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tup\u00e1 bolest v bedern\u00ed krajin\u011b. Projevuje se obvykle na lev\u00e9 nebo prav\u00e9 stran\u011b doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti zad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hmatn\u00fd \u00fatvar v bedern\u00ed krajin\u011b. N\u00e1dory v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f lze n\u011bkdy nahmatat p\u0159es b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed st\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U mu\u017e\u016f roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u017eil v \u0161ourku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Velk\u00e1 \u00fanava, nechutenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
No\u010dn\u00ed pocen\u00ed, teploty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nevysv\u011btlen\u00fd \u00fabytek t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota a\u017e hore\u010dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chudokrevnost (anemie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eTypick\u00e9 jsou otoky kotn\u00edk\u016f, nohou nebo o\u010dn\u00edch v\u00ed\u010dek, proto\u017ee t\u011blo zadr\u017euje tekutiny,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed magaz\u00edn Fit \u017eivot. Objevit se mohou i zm\u011bny mo\u010den\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nucen\u00ed, men\u0161\u00ed objem, tmav\u0161\u00ed barvu nebo p\u011bnivost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010cast\u00fdm projevem b\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 such\u00e1 a sv\u011bdiv\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee, kter\u00e1 souvis\u00ed s naru\u0161enou rovnov\u00e1hou miner\u00e1l\u016f. P\u0159idat se m\u016f\u017ee nechutenstv\u00ed, kovov\u00e1 pachu\u0165 v \u00fastech nebo nevolnost. Tyto pot\u00ed\u017ee ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u011blo nezvl\u00e1d\u00e1 odv\u00e1d\u011bt odpadn\u00ed l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed skupinou jsou n\u00e1dory ledvinn\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi\u010dky, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u011b: postihuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 200 lid\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zda jde o zhoubn\u00fd \u010di nezhoubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor, dok\u00e1\u017ee ur\u010dit pouze histologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ivana Vitovsk\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Den\u00edk.cz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zhoubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor ledvin je z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee jeho p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. V\u00edce ne\u017e 70 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je diagnostikov\u00e1no zcela n\u00e1hodn\u011b p\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed b\u0159icha. \u010ce\u0161i jsou […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27310,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63543\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}