{"id":63914,"date":"2026-05-25T14:50:02","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T12:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63914"},"modified":"2026-05-25T14:50:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T12:50:15","slug":"zhoubny-nador-ma-pres-342-tisic-klientu-skoro-8-tisic-z-nich-se-leci-s-nadorem-hlavy-a-krku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63914","title":{"rendered":"Zhoubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor m\u00e1 p\u0159es 342 tis\u00edc klient\u016f, skoro 8 tis\u00edc z nich se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed s n\u00e1dorem hlavy a krku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>S n\u011bkter\u00fdm typem rakoviny se aktu\u00e1ln\u011b l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed p\u0159es 342 tis\u00edc klient\u016f V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Z toho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 8 tis\u00edc z nich s n\u00e1dorem hlavy a krku. Mohou postihnout rty, dutinu \u00fastn\u00ed, nos, vedlej\u0161\u00ed nosn\u00ed dutiny, hltan, hrtan, slinn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a m\u00edstn\u00ed lymfatickou tk\u00e1\u0148.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Za vznikem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed stoj\u00ed \u010dasto kou\u0159en\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b vapov\u00e1n\u00ed a alkohol. N\u00e1klady na l\u00e9\u010dbu dos\u00e1hly loni bezm\u00e1la 640 milion\u016f korun. Tiskovou zpr\u00e1vu vyd\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti \u010cesk\u00e9ho dne proti rakovin\u011b, kter\u00fd je letos v\u011bnovan\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u00e1dor\u016fm hlavy a krku a jejich prevenci.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1dory hlavy a krku je term\u00edn u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro r\u016fznorodou skupinu n\u00e1dor\u016f, jejich\u017e p\u016fvod je v&nbsp;u\u0161n\u00ed, nosn\u00ed a&nbsp;kr\u010dn\u00ed oblasti. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lpr.cz\/akce-a-projekty\/cesky-den-proti-rakovine\">Liga proti rakovin\u011b<\/a>, n\u00e1dory je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u011blit na n\u00e1dory dutiny \u00fastn\u00ed, hltanu, nosohltanu, hrtanu, p\u0159echodu hltanu v&nbsp;j\u00edcen, dutiny nosn\u00ed a velk\u00fdch a mal\u00fdch slinn\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok je ve sv\u011bt\u011b diagnostikov\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl milionu nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v \u010detnosti v\u00fdskytu \u0159ad\u00ed na p\u00e1t\u00e9 m\u00edsto mezi zhoubn\u00fdmi n\u00e1dory. V&nbsp;\u010cesk\u00e9 republice pat\u0159\u00ed naopak mezi n\u00e1dory m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9, nep\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed 5 % z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt n\u00e1dor\u016f hlavy a krku je ve v\u011bku 55 a\u017e 74 let. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou hl\u00e1\u0161eny n\u00e1dory hrtanu a hltanu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201e<\/em><em>I kdy\u017e n\u00edzk\u00fd po\u010det m\u016f\u017ee u n\u011bkoho vyvolat pocit, \u017ee t\u011bmito typy n\u00e1dor\u016f je ohro\u017eeno jen mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed, i zde se ukazuje, \u017ee nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vzniku tohoto typu v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je spojeno s&nbsp;nezdrav\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b s&nbsp;kou\u0159en\u00edm, co\u017e plat\u00ed i pro tzv. vapov\u00e1n\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 s&nbsp;nadm\u011brn\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm alkoholu.<\/em><em>&nbsp;U mu\u017e\u016f se n\u00e1dory hlavy a krku vyskytuj\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e u \u017een,\u201c<\/em>&nbsp;\u0159\u00edk\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>Miroslav Jank\u016fj,&nbsp;<\/strong>pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele VZP \u010cR pro zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, a dod\u00e1v\u00e1:&nbsp;<em>\u201eCelkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na l\u00e9\u010dbu zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f byly vloni p\u0159es 25 miliard korun, z&nbsp;toho skoro 640 milion\u016f korun \u0161lo na terapii klient\u016f s&nbsp;n\u00e1dory krku a hlavy.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vznik zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f v oblasti hlavy a krku je podm\u00edn\u011bn celou \u0159adou faktor\u016f, z nich\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou vlivy \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee 80\u201390 % karcinom\u016f je spojeno s chronick\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm tab\u00e1ku (v\u010detn\u011b \u017ev\u00fdkac\u00edho), u mnoh\u00fdch pacient\u016f v kombinaci s nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm alkoholu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201eKombinace kou\u0159en\u00ed a konzumace alkoholu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edmi predispozi\u010dn\u00edmi faktory jsou infekce lidsk\u00fdm papilomavirem (HPV) a mnohem vz\u00e1cn\u011bji virem Epstein\u2013Barrov\u00e9 (EBV). Tyto n\u00e1dory sice rychleji rostou, ale maj\u00ed mnohem p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed progn\u00f3zu ne\u017e n\u00e1dory spojen\u00e9 s&nbsp;kou\u0159en\u00edm,\u201c<\/em>&nbsp;\u0159\u00edk\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>doc. MUDr. Radka Lohynsk\u00e1, Ph.D.<\/strong>, p\u0159ednostka Onkologick\u00e9 kliniky 1. LF UK a Fakultn\u00ed Thomayerovy nemocnice v Praze, a dod\u00e1v\u00e1:&nbsp;<em>\u201ePro oblast hlavy a krku plat\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n m\u00e1 jin\u00e1 rizika pro vznik n\u00e1doru. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kou\u0159en\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1dory hrtanu a&nbsp;dutiny \u00fastn\u00ed. Lidsk\u00fd papilomavirus zp\u016fsobuje n\u00e1dory kr\u010dn\u00ed mandle a ko\u0159ene jazyka. Expozice ionizuj\u00edc\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je spojena se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem vzniku n\u00e1dor\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, slune\u010dn\u00ed UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat karcinom k\u016f\u017ee a rtu a expozice d\u0159evn\u00e9mu prachu vznik n\u00e1dor\u016f nosn\u00ed dutiny a paranas\u00e1ln\u00edch dutin. I&nbsp;dlouhodob\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed sliznice dutiny \u00fastn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad prot\u00e9zami \u010di ostr\u00fdmi okraji zubn\u00edch v\u00fdpln\u00ed, a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fastn\u00ed hygiena mohou v\u00e9st ke vzniku n\u00e1doru.\u201c<\/em>&nbsp;Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161imnout si bulky na sliznici v \u00fastech a krku nebo chrapotu v\u010das, a pokud do 2\u20133 t\u00fddn\u016f nezmiz\u00ed, pak je vhodn\u00e9 neodkl\u00e1dat ORL vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Mal\u00e9 n\u00e1dory se daj\u00ed dob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010dit operac\u00ed \u010di z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. U v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f je pak nutn\u00e1 kombinace v\u00edce metod l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>N\u011bkter\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky n\u00e1doru krku:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bolestiv\u00e9 nebo zt\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 polyk\u00e1n\u00ed, pocit ciz\u00edho t\u011blesa v krku, nehoj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u0159\u00eddek v dutin\u011b \u00fastn\u00ed;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nov\u011b vznikl\u00fd chrapot nebo zm\u011bna zabarven\u00ed hlasu, ka\u0161el trvaj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e dva t\u00fddny, zt\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed krve;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postupn\u011b se zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou nebolestiv\u00e1 rezistence (bulka) zevn\u011b na krku;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bolesti v uchu, p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdtok nebo krv\u00e1cen\u00ed z ucha, krv\u00e1cen\u00ed z nosu, o\u010dn\u00ed poruchy, bolesti a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zub\u016f.<br \/><strong><br \/><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mou.cz\/nadory-hlavy-a-krku\/t1493\"><strong>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0s\u00e1m o sob\u011b v\u0161ak nepotvrzuje diagn\u00f3zu zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru. V\u017edy je nutn\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvit l\u00e9ka\u0159e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b<\/strong>, \u017ee se v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky vyskytnou, aby takov\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed vylou\u010dil a ur\u010dil pravou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z pr\u016fzkumu, kter\u00fd si nechala VZP vypracovat, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee jen 55 % \u010cech\u016f v\u00ed, \u017ee screening je preventivn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed k odhalen\u00ed nemoc\u00ed v \u010dasn\u00fdch a l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fdch stadi\u00edch. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ze screeningov\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed podstoupilo podle vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi pouze 30 % dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch. Z&nbsp;\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed d\u00e1le vyplynulo, \u017ee se s&nbsp;n\u00e1dorov\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm v&nbsp;bl\u00edzk\u00e9 rodin\u011b setkala cel\u00e1 polovina respondent\u016f (52 %). Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed si takovou zku\u0161enost nesou, jsou pak tak\u00e9 ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k&nbsp;n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b screeningov\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<br \/><em>*<\/em><em>pr\u016fzkum pro VZP \u010cR; agentura ppm factum research, s. r. o. (11\/2024); 1&nbsp;000 respondent\u016f 18+<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VZP apeluje na v\u0161echny klientky a klienty ve v\u011bku nad 35 resp. 45 let, aby nezanedb\u00e1vali prevenci a vyu\u017eili mo\u017enost&nbsp;<strong>absolvovat&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/screeningy.vzp.cz\/\"><strong>screeningov\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TZ VZP<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>S n\u011bkter\u00fdm typem rakoviny se aktu\u00e1ln\u011b l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed p\u0159es 342 tis\u00edc klient\u016f V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Z toho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 8 tis\u00edc z nich s n\u00e1dorem hlavy a <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=63914\" title=\"Zhoubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor m\u00e1 p\u0159es 342 tis\u00edc klient\u016f, skoro 8 tis\u00edc z nich se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed s n\u00e1dorem hlavy a krku\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40543,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63914"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63914\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/40543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}