{"id":65533,"date":"2026-10-26T20:07:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T19:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=65533"},"modified":"2026-10-26T20:08:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T19:08:09","slug":"pacienty-trapi-az-stovky-epileptickych-zachvatu-denne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=65533","title":{"rendered":"Pacienty tr\u00e1p\u00ed a\u017e stovky epileptick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f denn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e9ka\u0159i to um\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it, l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed ale jen zlomek nemocn\u00fdch<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Des\u00edtky, n\u011bkdy i stovky epileptick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f denn\u011b. To musej\u00ed zvl\u00e1dat pacienti se syndromem Lennox-Gastaut (LGS). Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 neurologick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se objevuje u\u017e v\u00a0d\u011btstv\u00ed a krom\u011b z\u00e1chvat\u016f ho prov\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed, poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed komplikace. V\u00a0\u010cesku j\u00edm trp\u00ed stovky lid\u00ed, ve specializovan\u00fdch centrech se jich ale l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed jen des\u00edtky, zbytek je ztracen v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu, nez\u0159\u00eddka v\u00a0\u00fastavn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. P\u0159itom dnes existuj\u00ed l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 mohou z\u00e1chvaty v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezit a zlep\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot nejen nemocn\u00fdm, ale i jejich rodin\u00e1m. L\u00e9ka\u0159i na to upozor\u0148uj\u00ed u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne LGS, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 1. listopadu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LGS pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed formy epilepsie. Postihuje nej\u010dast\u011bji d\u011bti, objevuje se obvykle mezi 1. a\u017e 10. rokem, nej\u010dast\u011bji kolem 3 let v\u011bku. <em>\u201eLGS se od jin\u00fdch forem epilepsie li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se p\u0159i n\u011bm rozv\u00edj\u00ed i ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed a velmi \u010dasto se s&nbsp;t\u00edm poj\u00ed i poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Diagnostikuje se na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte, typu z\u00e1chvat\u016f, kter\u00fdmi trp\u00ed, a dle EEG n\u00e1lezu s&nbsp;typick\u00fdm charakterem,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. MUDr. Irena Dole\u017ealov\u00e1, Ph.D., z&nbsp;I. neurologick\u00e9 kliniky LF MU a FN u sv. Anny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznakem jsou tzv. tonick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch pacienti ve sp\u00e1nku dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed nekontrolovateln\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de do kon\u010detin a trupu. Trvat mohou jen n\u011bkolik vte\u0159in, proto n\u011bkdy b\u00fdv\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je odhalit. <em>\u201eKrom\u011b tonick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f maj\u00ed pacienti n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f z\u00e1chvat\u016f, velmi omezuj\u00edc\u00ed jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1chvaty s p\u00e1dy. Doprovodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznakem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed, \u010dasto tak\u00e9 poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad agresivita a hypersexualita, n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o&nbsp;psychick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Martin Kudr, Ph.D., z Kliniky d\u011btsk\u00e9 neurologie 2. LF UK a&nbsp;FN&nbsp;Motol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro\u010d onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vznik\u00e1, nen\u00ed v\u017edy snadn\u00e9 ur\u010dit. P\u0159\u00ed\u010din m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00edce, od vrozen\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch vad mozku a genetick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din p\u0159es nezhoubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory a\u017e po t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty mozku, nap\u0159\u00edklad po prod\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed meningitidy nebo encefalitidy. <em>\u201eNejedn\u00e1 se o jedno geneticky jasn\u011b definovan\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, ale o skupinu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 malformace mozku, genetick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny apod., kter\u00e1 se v\u0161ak projevuj\u00ed podobn\u011b a u nich\u017e se uplat\u0148uje stejn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e1 strategie,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje MUDr. Kudr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nemoc klade velk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na celou rodinu, a pr\u00e1v\u011b proto dosp\u011bl\u00ed pacienti \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00ed v \u00fastavn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, jeliko\u017e pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd dohled a pomoc. \u0158ada nemocn\u00fdch ale st\u00e1le nem\u00e1 spr\u00e1vnou diagn\u00f3zu. D\u0159\u00edve panovalo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee t\u011bmto pacient\u016fm ji\u017e nelze pomoci, a nebyla tedy ani snaha po nich p\u00e1trat. Problematick\u00fd byl tak\u00e9 p\u0159echod z d\u011btsk\u00e9 neurologie do p\u00e9\u010de pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9. P\u0159esto\u017ee mohli b\u00fdt pacienti spr\u00e1vn\u011b diagnostikov\u00e1ni v d\u011btsk\u00e9m v\u011bku, pozd\u011bji se v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu \u201eztratili\u201c, proto\u017ee chyb\u011bla n\u00e1vaznost na dosp\u011blou neurologii. L\u00e9ka\u0159i proto nov\u011b p\u00e1traj\u00ed po dosp\u011bl\u00fdch pacientech s ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm a tzv. farmakorezistentn\u00ed epilepsi\u00ed, tedy takovou, kter\u00e1 nereaguje na b\u011b\u017enou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Kl\u00ed\u010dem k diagn\u00f3ze jsou podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f t\u0159i znaky, a to no\u010dn\u00ed tonick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty v kombinaci s dal\u0161\u00edmi typy z\u00e1chvat\u016f, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed a charakteristick\u00fd obraz na EEG vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za toti\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <em>\u201eSyndrom Lennox-Gastaut pat\u0159\u00ed mezi farmakorezistentn\u00ed epilepsie, u kter\u00fdch prakticky nelze dos\u00e1hnout dlouhodob\u00e9ho stavu bez z\u00e1chvat\u016f. C\u00edlem terapie je tedy zejm\u00e9na zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality \u017eivota nemocn\u00e9ho i jeho rodiny. Nejv\u00edce pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu z\u00e1chvat\u016f, kter\u00e9 pacienta nejv\u00edce ohro\u017euj\u00ed. Typicky jsou to velk\u00e9 epileptick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty, u nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet i k\u00a0p\u00e1d\u016fm a zran\u011bn\u00edm. K tomu je nutn\u00e1 kombinace v\u00edce druh\u016f protiz\u00e1chvatov\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f,p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupn\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f byla vyd\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed pro nejl\u00e9pe funguj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ky,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Kudr. U d\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u010dasn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba dokonce zachr\u00e1nit v\u00fdvoj mozku. U dosp\u011bl\u00fdch sice mozek do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu nevr\u00e1t\u00ed, ale z\u00e1chvaty v\u00fdrazn\u011b omez\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>L\u00e9ka\u0159i to um\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it, l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed ale jen zlomek nemocn\u00fdch Des\u00edtky, n\u011bkdy i stovky epileptick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f denn\u011b. To musej\u00ed zvl\u00e1dat pacienti se syndromem Lennox-Gastaut (LGS). Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=65533\" title=\"Pacienty tr\u00e1p\u00ed a\u017e stovky epileptick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f denn\u011b\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=65533"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65533\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=65533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=65533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=65533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}