Mate\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161kola Kl\u00ed\u010dek v Karvin\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami. Ve dvou t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 principy aplikovan\u00e9 behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy. D\u011bti se v nich u\u010d\u00ed komunikovat, zvl\u00e1dat b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 situace i nov\u00e9 dovednosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0160estilet\u00fd Eli\u00e1\u0161 sed\u00ed u stole\u010dku s\u00e1m s pan\u00ed u\u010ditelkou. Ta mu v rychl\u00e9m sledu ukazuje karti\u010dky s obr\u00e1zky. \u201eCo je to?\u201c pt\u00e1 se. \u201eGat\u011b,\u201c odpov\u00edd\u00e1 usm\u011bvav\u00fd klu\u010dina. \u201eKalhoty,\u201c opravuje ho u\u010ditelka a spole\u010dn\u011b si slovo je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159ikr\u00e1t zopakuj\u00ed. \u201eZatleskej! Kde m\u00e1\u0161 u\u0161i?\u201c pokra\u010duje a Eli\u00e1\u0161 ukazuje. Neub\u011bhne ani deset sekund a znovu se objev\u00ed obr\u00e1zek kalhot. \u201eGat\u011b,\u201c odpov\u00ed chlapec s ro\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00fdm \u00fasm\u011bvem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eli\u00e1\u0161 chod\u00ed do p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy. Tohle ale nen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 \u0161kolka. Mate\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161kola Kl\u00ed\u010dek v Karvin\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jde o d\u011bti s poruchou autistick\u00e9ho spektra, ale tak\u00e9 o d\u011bti s ment\u00e1ln\u00edm, t\u011blesn\u00fdm \u010di sluchov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm nebo s kombinovan\u00fdmi vadami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eJsme takzvan\u00e1 paragrafov\u00e1 mate\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161kola, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 podle paragrafu 16 odstavce 9 \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. Nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed n\u00e1s d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0159editelka Eva Jan\u00e1kov\u00e1. Po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b se podle n\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje tomu, jakou m\u00edru individu\u00e1ln\u00ed podpory pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco v n\u011bkter\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch jich b\u00fdv\u00e1 deset a\u017e jeden\u00e1ct, v t\u011bch, kde je nutn\u00e1 intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, \u0161est a\u017e sedm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd pokrok se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fduka se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje schopnostem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho d\u00edt\u011bte. U\u010ditel\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 pokyny, obr\u00e1zky a p\u0159esn\u011b strukturovan\u00fd program. D\u011bti se na zm\u011bny p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed dop\u0159edu a nov\u00e9 dovednosti si osvojuj\u00ed postupn\u011b, \u010dasto p\u0159i praktick\u00fdch \u010dinnostech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201e\u010casto nerozum\u011bj\u00ed ani mluven\u00e9mu slovu, tak\u017ee v\u0161echno mus\u00edme vizu\u00e1ln\u011b podpo\u0159it. Mus\u00edme pou\u017e\u00edvat jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u011bty a d\u011bti na zm\u011bny p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravovat,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Jan\u00e1kov\u00e1. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 trp\u011blivost. Dovednosti, kter\u00e9 si d\u00edt\u011b osvojilo, je t\u0159eba pravideln\u011b opakovat a procvi\u010dovat, jinak je m\u016f\u017ee zapomenout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kl\u00ed\u010dek m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy a dv\u011b t\u0159\u00eddy, ve kter\u00fdch pracuje tak\u00e9 podle princip\u016f aplikovan\u00e9 behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b ABA. P\u0159i individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci u\u010ditelka d\u00edt\u011bti p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u00fakoly, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mu osvojit si nov\u00e9 dovednosti a potom je spole\u010dn\u011b zkou\u0161ej\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch situac\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00edlem nen\u00ed, aby d\u00edt\u011b zvl\u00e1dalo jen \u00fakol u stole\u010dku. Nau\u010den\u00e9 dovednosti m\u00e1 postupn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et do hry, p\u0159i obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed nebo t\u0159eba na h\u0159i\u0161ti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pokrok p\u0159itom m\u016f\u017ee vypadat jinak: jedno d\u00edt\u011b se nau\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edct si o pit\u00ed, jin\u00e9 si zvl\u00e1dne obout boty nebo se zapojit do spole\u010dn\u00e9 hry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eZ\u00e1kladem je, aby ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b za\u017e\u00edvalo \u00fasp\u011bch. Pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich ale znamen\u00e1 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0159editelka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tablet pom\u00e1h\u00e1 d\u011btem \u0159\u00edct, co pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mnoh\u00e9 d\u011bti ve \u0161kolce mluv\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u016fbec. U\u010ditel\u00e9 proto hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak jim pomoci vyj\u00e1d\u0159it p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a pot\u0159eby. D\u0159\u00edve vyu\u017e\u00edvali gesta a komunika\u010dn\u00ed knihy s obr\u00e1zky. Letos za\u010dali pracovat tak\u00e9 s tablety, do kter\u00fdch d\u011btem postupn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed symboly a fotografie podle toho, co pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00edt\u011b si m\u016f\u017ee vybrat j\u00eddlo, \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee ho n\u011bco bol\u00ed, nebo po\u017e\u00e1dat o obl\u00edbenou hra\u010dku. U\u010d\u00ed se tak\u00e9 d\u00e1t najevo, \u017ee n\u011bco nechce. \u201ePrioritou je rozvoj komunikace. N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto pramen\u00ed z toho, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b neum\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159it svoje pot\u0159eby,\u201c popisuje Jan\u00e1kov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dv\u011b ABA t\u0159\u00eddy otev\u0159eli v Kl\u00ed\u010dku pilotn\u011b v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024. \u0160kola na jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spolupracuje s odbornou supervizorkou z ostravsk\u00e9ho centra Tedira, kter\u00e1 dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na nastaven\u00ed program\u016f pro jednotliv\u00e9 d\u011bti. ABA intervence b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto dostupn\u00e9 v soukrom\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. V Kl\u00ed\u010dku jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rodiny n\u011bkdy \u010dekaj\u00ed na pomoc dlouho<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do Kl\u00ed\u010dku doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed d\u011bti z Karvin\u00e9 i okoln\u00edch obc\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 rodiny p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed z Ostravy nebo Fr\u00fddku-M\u00edstku. Podle \u0159editelky je pro rodi\u010de d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt hledat pomoc co nejd\u0159\u00edve, pokud maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee se jejich d\u00edt\u011b nevyv\u00edj\u00ed jako vrstevn\u00edci. Doporu\u010duje obr\u00e1tit se nap\u0159\u00edklad na ranou p\u00e9\u010di, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee rodinu nasm\u011brovat k dal\u0161\u00edm odborn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cesta k vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a diagn\u00f3ze ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dlouh\u00e1. Jan\u00e1kov\u00e1 upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee rodiny n\u011bkdy \u010dekaj\u00ed na term\u00edn u psychologa i n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Do \u0161kolky pak d\u011bti p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed a\u017e v p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku, p\u0159esto\u017ee pot\u00ed\u017ee se mohly objevit mnohem d\u0159\u00edve<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eKdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b nemluv\u00ed, rodi\u010de mohou za\u010d\u00edt t\u0159eba p\u0159es speci\u00e1ln\u011b pedagogick\u00e9 centrum pro d\u011bti s vadami \u0159e\u010di. Pokud si nejsou jist\u00ed, mohou se tak\u00e9 obr\u00e1tit na ranou p\u00e9\u010di,\u201c rad\u00ed \u0159editelka. Kl\u00ed\u010dek se krom\u011b pr\u00e1ce s d\u011btmi sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1vat zku\u0161enosti tak\u00e9 u\u010ditel\u016fm b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch mate\u0159sk\u00fdch a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol, aby v\u011bd\u011bli, \u010deho si u d\u011bt\u00ed v\u0161\u00edmat a kam mohou rodiny nasm\u011brovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eli\u0161ka Ulehlov\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karvinsk\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/karvinsky.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mate\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161kola Kl\u00ed\u010dek v Karvin\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami. Ve dvou t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 principy aplikovan\u00e9 behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy. D\u011bti se v nich u\u010d\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24770,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=65717"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65717\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=65717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=65717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=65717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}