{"id":8159,"date":"2013-07-22T10:11:57","date_gmt":"2013-07-22T08:11:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=8159"},"modified":"2013-07-22T10:12:30","modified_gmt":"2013-07-22T08:12:30","slug":"koho-kousou-komari-vic-a-jak-se-tomu-branit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=8159","title":{"rendered":"Koho kou\u0161ou kom\u00e1\u0159i v\u00edc? A jak se tomu br\u00e1nit?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vrchol\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sez\u00f3na a zat\u00edmco jedni lid\u00e9 jsou t\u00edmto hmyzem opom\u00edjeni, jin\u00ed jsou ter\u010dem jeho neust\u00e1l\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f. V\u011bdci se dlouhodob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed pochopit, pro\u010d jsou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 pro hmyz p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, napsal server Wall Street Journal.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z odborn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fd se tomuto probl\u00e9mu v\u011bnuje, je molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biolog L.J. Zwiebel, profesor americk\u00e9 Vanderbiltovy univerzity.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00e1\u0159i nach\u00e1zej\u00ed sv\u00e9 sav\u010d\u00ed ob\u011bti t\u00edm, \u017ee c\u00edt\u00ed teplo a oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, kter\u00e9 savci vylu\u010duj\u00ed. T\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny a objemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou n\u011bkdy ob\u011b\u0165mi \u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fatok\u016f, proto\u017ee vyv\u00edjej\u00ed v\u00edc energie ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00e1ry tak\u00e9 nav\u00e1d\u00ed jejich \u010dich. „Navzdory tomu, co mi tvrdila moje babi\u010dka, nem\u00e1m sladkou krev,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Zwiebel, proto\u017ee kom\u00e1\u0159i podle n\u011bj nedok\u00e1\u017eou rozeznat kvalitu krve.<\/p>\n

„Kom\u00e1ry p\u0159itahuje n\u00e1\u0161 lidsk\u00fd t\u011blesn\u00fd pach, a ten je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b d\u016fsledkem bakteri\u00ed na na\u0161\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei,“ dodal Zwiebel.<\/p>\n

„Flora a fauna na na\u0161\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei“ podle jeho slov von\u00ed kom\u00e1r\u016fm p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u011b, a to se zvy\u0161uje u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed tr\u00e1v\u00ed hodn\u011b \u010dasu venku nebo se hodn\u011b pot\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud je Zwiebelovi zn\u00e1mo, neexistuj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 podklady dokazuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm cholesterolem \u010di cukrovkou kom\u00e1ry odpuzuj\u00ed, jak tvrd\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 servery. Stejn\u011b tak nepom\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1t vitamin B, j\u00edst \u010desnek nebo u\u017e\u00edvat ur\u010dit\u00e9\u00a0l\u00e9ky<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 reakce lid\u00ed na kom\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kousnut\u00ed. Po 20 letech v laborato\u0159i s kousav\u00fdm hmyzem pr\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee Zwiebel str\u010dit ruku do n\u00e1dr\u017ee s kom\u00e1ry, nechat se stokr\u00e1t kousnout a p\u0159esto se mu na k\u016f\u017ei „nezk\u0159iv\u00ed ani chlup“.<\/p>\n

D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 jsou pokous\u00e1ny mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e dosp\u011bl\u00ed, mohou m\u00edt siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed reakce na kousance, proto\u017ee jejich imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se je\u0161t\u011b pln\u011b nevyvinul.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em dosp\u011bl\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b na n\u011b maj\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b spadeno, obvykle nejsou pokous\u00e1ni \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e jin\u00ed. „Existuj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed silnou alergickou reakci na kousnut\u00ed, a proto jim m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipadat, \u017ee ho utrp\u011bli mnohem \u010dast\u011bji, co\u017e tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nen\u00ed,“ \u0159ekl Zwiebel.<\/p>\n

Lidem pokryt\u00fdm pup\u00ednky a sv\u011bdiv\u00fdmi rankami rad\u00ed p\u0159estat se \u0161kr\u00e1bat. Kdy\u017e kom\u00e1r kousne, zanech\u00e1 po sob\u011b jist\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed slin, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 i protisr\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a lok\u00e1ln\u00ed anestetikum. T\u011blo tyto l\u00e1tky rozpozn\u00e1 jako ciz\u00edho vet\u0159elce a coby reakci vy\u0161le histaminy. \u0160kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed jen roznese sliny a povzbud\u00ed tak vylou\u010den\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed protil\u00e1tek a t\u00edm i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a… rozto\u010d\u00ed propojen\u00fd cyklus.<\/p>\n

Ti, kdo po pokous\u00e1n\u00ed ote\u010dou a kousnut\u00ed je hodn\u011b sv\u011bd\u00ed a p\u00e1l\u00ed, by se m\u011bli poradit s\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159em a za\u010d\u00edt br\u00e1t denn\u011b voln\u011b prodejn\u00e1 antihistaminika jako prevenci, dodal Zwiebel.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00e1\u0159i je sice budou kousat d\u00e1l, ale oni si toho budou m\u00e9n\u011b nebo \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159estanou v\u0161\u00edmat, proto\u017ee l\u00e9k zabr\u00e1n\u00ed alergick\u00e9 reakci, je\u017e m\u011bn\u00ed bezbolestn\u00e9 kousnut\u00ed ve sv\u011bd\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnost.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sami\u010dky \u017eene p\u0159\u00edroda ke kous\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed, proto\u017ee pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed krvavou stravu, aby dokon\u010dily sv\u016fj reproduktivn\u00ed cyklus a vyprodukovaly \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje velk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun proteinu. Abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili riziko pokous\u00e1n\u00ed, myjte se antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00fddlem, kter\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed bakteri\u00ed p\u0159itahuj\u00edc\u00edch kom\u00e1ry na va\u0161\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei, rad\u00ed Zwiebel.<\/p>\n

Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak se vyhnout pokous\u00e1n\u00ed kom\u00e1ry, pat\u0159\u00ed vyh\u00fdbat se pobytu venku za \u00fasvitu a soumraku, kdy jsou kom\u00e1\u0159i nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pomohou i venkovn\u00ed v\u011btr\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 hmyz za\u017eenou. Pokud nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 horko, daj\u00ed se nosit dlouh\u00e9 kalhoty a ko\u0161ile s dlouh\u00fdm ruk\u00e1vem. A pomoct pomohou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 repelenty.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vrchol\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sez\u00f3na a zat\u00edmco jedni lid\u00e9 jsou t\u00edmto hmyzem opom\u00edjeni, jin\u00ed jsou ter\u010dem jeho neust\u00e1l\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f. V\u011bdci se dlouhodob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed pochopit, pro\u010d jsou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zdravi","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8159\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}