{"id":9165,"date":"2013-08-14T13:25:50","date_gmt":"2013-08-14T11:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=9165"},"modified":"2013-08-14T14:57:11","modified_gmt":"2013-08-14T12:57:11","slug":"technologie-stiraji-rozdil-mezi-clovekem-a-strojem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=9165","title":{"rendered":"Technologie st\u00edraj\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a strojem"},"content":{"rendered":"

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu tohoto stolet\u00ed bude statut zdravotn\u00edho posti\u017een\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1n st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu lid\u00ed. A to d\u00edky neust\u00e1le se zdokonaluj\u00edc\u00edm technologi\u00edm bioniky. Posti\u017een\u00ed bude nutn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u011b nov\u011b definovat. To by mohlo b\u00fdt v rozporu se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed legislativou pr\u00e1v posti\u017een\u00fdch.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Britsk\u00fd list The Economist zve\u0159ejnil vystoupen\u00ed odborn\u00edka na robotiku Hugha Herra z Massachusettsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu: \u00bbZdravotn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed je stav, kter\u00fd existuje jen kv\u016fli nedokonal\u00e9 technologii. B\u011bhem 21. stolet\u00ed budou posti\u017een\u00ed z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vym\u00fdcena.\u00ab<\/p>\n

Sv\u00fdm slov\u016fm dodal v\u00e1hu, kdy\u017e na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm semin\u00e1\u0159i v p\u016fli sv\u00e9ho vystoupen\u00ed ne\u010dekan\u011b vyhrnul nohavice, odhalil bionick\u00e9 nohy a p\u0159edvedl kr\u00e1tk\u00fd tane\u010dek.<\/p>\n

Herr se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee si lid\u00e9 v budoucnu budou moci nechat nahradit nemocn\u00e9 kon\u010detiny pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edmi robotick\u00fdmi kon\u010detinami.<\/p>\n

Loni byl zah\u00e1jen v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 typy situac\u00ed zva\u017eovat a p\u0159edv\u00eddat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a etick\u00e9 zapeklitosti, kter\u00e9 s sebou ponesou. Je prot\u00e9za pr\u00e1vn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed va\u0161eho t\u011bla? Kdy je vhodn\u00e9 kon\u010detinu amputovat a nahradit ji robotickou? Je t\u0159eba kv\u016fli mozkov\u00fdm implant\u00e1t\u016fm a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 schopnosti m\u011bnit definici posti\u017een\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd projekt m\u00e1 n\u00e1zev RoboLaw a m\u00e1 za c\u00edl takov\u00e1 dilemata p\u0159edv\u00eddat a p\u0159edpov\u00eddat, zjistit, kde a jak je pot\u0159eba zm\u011bnit pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec s ohledem na zdokonaluj\u00edc\u00ed se technologie v oblasti bioniky a nervov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Projekt financuje Komise EU a pod\u00edlej\u00ed se na n\u011bm odborn\u00edci z oblasti stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, pr\u00e1va, regulace a dokonce filozofie.<\/p>\n

Prob\u00edh\u00e1 pod veden\u00edm Vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly svat\u00e9 Anny v Pise. Jeho vedouc\u00ed se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee je nal\u00e9hav\u011b zapot\u0159eb\u00ed regulace a legislativy, maj\u00ed-li se zvl\u00e1dnout nov\u00e9 technologie, jako jsou prot\u00e9zy a implant\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka stoj\u00ed: pokud n\u011b\u010d\u00ed mobilita z\u00e1vis\u00ed nap\u0159. na robotick\u00e9m invalidn\u00edm voz\u00edku, pova\u017euje se voz\u00edk za sou\u010d\u00e1st jeho t\u011bla?<\/p>\n

Linda MacDonald Glenn, americk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vni\u010dka, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se bioetikou se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee ano.<\/p>\n

Rozli\u010dn\u00e9 pohledy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z instituc\u00ed pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00ed se na projektu RoboLaw se zam\u011b\u0159uje na jinou oblast. Specialist\u00e9 na technologick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo i Institutu pr\u00e1va, technologie a spole\u010dnosti v nizozemsk\u00e9m Tilburgu sestavuj\u00ed taxonomii robotick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159i\u0159azuj\u00ed ji k existuj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed terminologii.<\/p>\n

Cht\u011bj\u00ed odhalit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed k definic\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 anatomie, posti\u017een\u00ed, norm\u00e1lnosti a rovnopr\u00e1vnosti.<\/p>\n

Pokud robotick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou nap\u0159. navracet zrak nebo mobilitu, mohlo by b\u00fdt nezbytn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it novou definici posti\u017een\u00ed. To by mohlo b\u00fdt v rozporu s v\u00fdchodisky, na nich\u017e je zalo\u017eena st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed legislativa t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1v posti\u017een\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Filozofov\u00e9 z berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 Humboldtovy univerzity zkoumaj\u00ed, jak\u00fdmi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby robotick\u00e9 technologie ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed pojem lidstv\u00ed. Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je lidstv\u00ed definov\u00e1no vlastnictv\u00edm t\u011bla konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho tvaru, \u010di naopak, kulturn\u00edmi faktory?<\/p>\n

Technologie jako exoskelety, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed dodate\u010dnou s\u00edlu a implant\u00e1ty zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, budou ob\u011b tyto definice vystavovat tlaku.<\/p>\n

Badatel\u00e9 v oboru roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed na univerzit\u011b v Readingu uva\u017euj\u00ed o budouc\u00edch technologi\u00edch, jako jsou r\u016fzn\u00e1 integrovan\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zbyst\u0159uj\u00ed smysly nebo poskytuj\u00ed smysly zcela nov\u00e9, o implant\u00e1tech, je\u017e zlep\u0161uj\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 \u010di umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pos\u00edlat zpr\u00e1vy, nebo o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kter\u00e1 lze ovl\u00e1dat pouhou my\u0161lenkou. Takov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvat k pos\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti zdrav\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, je\u017e p\u0159ed n\u00e1s za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed technologie do lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla klade, se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed posilov\u00e1n\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch schopnost\u00ed, a nikoli navr\u00e1cen\u00ed schopnost\u00ed chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch nebo ztracen\u00fdch. Implant\u00e1ty mohou rovn\u011b\u017e vyvolat nov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se soukrom\u00ed a opatrovnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rozhran\u00ed mozek \u2013 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d u\u017e dok\u00e1\u017ee umo\u017enit komunikaci zcela ochrnut\u00fdm lidem. Ale jak\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed status by m\u011bl t\u00e9to komunikaci b\u00fdt p\u0159isouzen? A pot\u0159ebuje osoba, dorozum\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm takov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, st\u00e1le sv\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce, kter\u00fd by za ni \u010dinil pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a zdravotnick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Regul\u00e1to\u0159i mus\u00ed na\u0161lapovat opatrn\u011b. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rigidn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy mohou brzdit inovace. V\u00fdrobci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, l\u00e9ka\u0159i i pacienti v\u0161ak st\u00e1le t\u00e1pou v temnot\u00e1ch, kv\u016fli p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm nejasnostem.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci projektu doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee a\u017e v roce 2014 zve\u0159ejn\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry, poda\u0159\u00ed se jim za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh rozetnout. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee zat\u00edm maj\u00ed v\u00edce ot\u00e1zek ne\u017e odpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hal\u00f3 noviny<\/p>\n

Jarom\u00edr SEDL\u00c1K<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu tohoto stolet\u00ed bude statut zdravotn\u00edho posti\u017een\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1n st\u00e1le men\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu lid\u00ed. A to d\u00edky neust\u00e1le se zdokonaluj\u00edc\u00edm technologi\u00edm bioniky. Posti\u017een\u00ed bude nutn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u011b […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9165"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9165\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}